Abstract
Salt stress poses a significant threat to crop growth. While brassinolide (BR) has been shown to alleviate its adverse effects and modulate plant development, the precise mechanism underlying BR-induced salt tolerance in rice remains unclear. In this study, the Chaoyouqianhao and Huanghuazhan rice varieties were employed to investigate the effects of BR seed soaking on the seedling phenotype, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome under salt stress. The results demonstrated that BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing leaf membrane damage, promoting ion homeostasis, and improving the photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance. The transcriptome analysis revealed that BR regulated the expression of 1042 and 826 genes linked to antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism under salt stress. These included genes involved in Na+ efflux (OsNCED2, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;1), photosynthetic electron transport (OsFd5 and OsFdC1), photosystem II (OsPsbR1, OsPsbR2, and OsPsbP), and CO2 fixation. The metabolomic analysis identified 91 and 57 metabolite alterations induced by BR, primarily linked to amino acid, flavonoid, and lipid metabolism, with notable increases in antioxidant metabolites such as lignanoside, isorhamnetin, and L-glutamic acid. The integrated analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of 12-OPDA in α-linolenic acid metabolism and genes related to lipid metabolism, JA metabolism, and JA signal transduction in BR-mediated salt tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length and biomass under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activities”
e1“under salt stress. The results demonstrated”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activities”
e1“under salt stress. The results demonstrated”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment reduced rice leaf membrane damage under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf membrane damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing leaf membrane damage”
e1“BR treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment promoted ion homeostasis under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Outcome
- ion homeostasise0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting ion homeostasis”
e1“BR treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment improved photosynthetic capacity under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving the photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance”
e1“BR treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment improved salt tolerance in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving the photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance”
e1“BR treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, BR regulated expression of 1042 and 826 genes linked to antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis and lipid metabolism.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- expression of 1042 and 826 genese0
- Value
- 1042 and 826 genese0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR regulated the expression of 1042 and 826 genes linked to antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism under salt stress.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated genes included Na+ efflux, photosynthetic electron transport and photosystem II genes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsNCED2, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;1e0
- Outcome
- genes involved in Na+ effluxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These included genes involved in Na+ efflux (OsNCED2, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;1), photosynthetic electron transport (OsFd5 and OsFdC1), photosystem II (OsPsbR1, OsPsbR2, and OsPsbP), and CO2 fixation.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR induced 91 and 57 metabolite alterations mainly linked to amino acid, flavonoid and lipid metabolism.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- metabolite alterationse0
- Value
- 91 and 57e0
- Qualifier
- amino acid, flavonoid, and lipid metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolomic analysis identified 91 and 57 metabolite alterations induced by BR, primarily linked to amino acid, flavonoid, and lipid metabolism”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR increased antioxidant metabolites lignanoside, isorhamnetin and L-glutamic acid.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- antioxidant metabolites such as lignanoside, isorhamnetin, and L-glutamic acide0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“notable increases in antioxidant metabolites such as lignanoside, isorhamnetin, and L-glutamic acid”
e1“induced by BR”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated analysis highlighted 12-OPDA and lipid and JA related genes as pivotal in BR mediated salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- 12-OPDAe0
- Outcome
- BR-mediated salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- α-linolenic acid metabolism and genes related to lipid metabolism, JA metabolism, and JA signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of 12-OPDA in α-linolenic acid metabolism and genes related to lipid metabolism, JA metabolism, and JA signal transduction in BR-mediated salt tolerance.”
t0“Rice”
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