Abstract
Use of biochar and nitrogen application timing might be an effective strategy to improve soil properties and increase wheat yield, especially in sandy soils. Giza 171 cultivar exhibited uppermost grain yield, almost yield attributes, nitrogen uptake efficiency (total-NUpE) and NUE followed by Shandwel 1. Biochar application at 6 Mg ha-1 significantly increased grain yield and almost yield attributes, total-NUpE and NUE compared with the control treatment. Adding N fertilizer at T2 or T3 had greatly improved grain yield and yield attributes and nitrogen use efficiencies comparing with T1 treatment. The interaction between N application timing at T2 and application of 6 Mg biochar ha-1 produced the maximum grain yield (7.23 Mg ha-1) and NUE (55.37 kg kg-1) when Giza 171 was used. Path coefficient analysis showed that spike length and number of spikes m-2 had exerted positive and high direct effect on grain yield of wheat (0.343 and 0.436), while flag leaf area and number of fertile spikeletes spike-1 had positive but moderate direct effect on wheat grain yield (0.280 and 0.201).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 had the uppermost grain yield and yield attributes relative to Shandwel 1.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Giza 171e0
- Outcome
- grain yield, almost yield attributese0
- Direction
- uppermoste0
- Comparator
- Shandwel 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Giza 171 cultivar exhibited uppermost grain yield, almost yield attributes, nitrogen uptake efficiency (total-NUpE) and NUE followed by Shandwel 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 had the uppermost nitrogen uptake and use efficiencies relative to Shandwel 1.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Giza 171e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake efficiency (total-NUpE) and NUEe0
- Direction
- uppermoste0
- Comparator
- Shandwel 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Giza 171 cultivar exhibited uppermost grain yield, almost yield attributes, nitrogen uptake efficiency (total-NUpE) and NUE followed by Shandwel 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 Mg ha-1 significantly increased grain yield and yield attributes over control.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar application at 6 Mg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and almost yield attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Biochar application at 6 Mg ha-1 significantly increased grain yield and almost yield attributes, total-NUpE and NUE compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 6 Mg ha-1 significantly increased total-NUpE and NUE over control.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar application at 6 Mg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- total-NUpE and NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Biochar application at 6 Mg ha-1 significantly increased grain yield and almost yield attributes, total-NUpE and NUE compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing T2 or T3 improved yield and yield attributes versus T1.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T2 or T3e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- T1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Adding N fertilizer at T2 or T3 had greatly improved grain yield and yield attributes and nitrogen use efficiencies comparing with T1 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing T2 or T3 improved nitrogen use efficiencies versus T1.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T2 or T3e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficienciese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- T1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“Adding N fertilizer at T2 or T3 had greatly improved grain yield and yield attributes and nitrogen use efficiencies comparing with T1 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 with T2 nitrogen timing and 6 Mg biochar ha-1 gave maximum grain yield of 7.23 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Giza 171e0
- Treatment
- N application timing at T2 and application of 6 Mg biochar ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.23 Mg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“The interaction between N application timing at T2 and application of 6 Mg biochar ha-1 produced the maximum grain yield (7.23 Mg ha-1) and NUE (55.37 kg kg-1) when Giza 171 was used”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 171 with T2 nitrogen timing and 6 Mg biochar ha-1 gave maximum NUE of 55.37 kg kg-1.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Giza 171e0
- Treatment
- N application timing at T2 and application of 6 Mg biochar ha-1e0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 55.37 kg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WHEAT CULTIVARS”
e0“The interaction between N application timing at T2 and application of 6 Mg biochar ha-1 produced the maximum grain yield (7.23 Mg ha-1) and NUE (55.37 kg kg-1) when Giza 171 was used”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike length had a positive high direct effect on wheat grain yield, coefficient 0.343.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 0.343e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spike length and number of spikes m-2 had exerted positive and high direct effect on grain yield of wheat (0.343 and 0.436)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of spikes m-2 had a positive high direct effect on wheat grain yield, coefficient 0.436.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 0.436e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spike length and number of spikes m-2 had exerted positive and high direct effect on grain yield of wheat (0.343 and 0.436)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf area had a positive moderate direct effect on wheat grain yield, coefficient 0.280.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 0.280e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flag leaf area and number of fertile spikeletes spike-1 had positive but moderate direct effect on wheat grain yield (0.280 and 0.201)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertile spikelets per spike had a positive moderate direct effect on wheat grain yield, coefficient 0.201.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikeletese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 0.201e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of fertile spikeletes spike-1 had positive but moderate direct effect on wheat grain yield (0.280 and 0.201)”
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