Abstract
The present study with aim to evaluate the efficacy of plant growth retardants to enhance productivity of barley by reducing lodging behaviour under high nitrogen supply was carried during rabi 2016–17 and 2017–18 at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur. Results revealed that application of 125% and 150% RDN recorded significantly higher periodic plant height and dry matter accumulation over 100% RDN. The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone reduced the plant height by 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93% at 60 DAS, 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57% at 90 DAS and 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63% at harvest, thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively. The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN. The combined spray of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone increased the effective tillers by 14.97, 10.12 and 5.11% and test weight by 8.90, 5.72 and 2.88% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively. The grain, straw and biological yield of wheat with 150% RDN were 10.98, 5.17 and 7.90% higher compared to 100% RDN, respectively. However, 125% RDN was found statistically at par with 150% RDN. The application of 125 and 150% RDN increased the gross return by 5.72–9.48% and net returns by 7.47–12.02% and B:C ratio by 5.74- 8.66% over 100% RDN. The combined application of CCC fb Cerone increased gross by 9.65, 6.01 and 2.37% and net returns by 10.31, 7.98 and 2.70% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that use of plant growth regulators i.e. Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone under higher use nitrogen (125% RDN) can be advocated as sustainable strategy to manage the problem of lodging and enhancing productivity and profitability of barley cultivation.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rates of 125% and 150% RDN increased plant height and dry matter relative to 100% RDN.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- 125% and 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- periodic plant height and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“application of 125% and 150% RDN recorded significantly higher periodic plant height and dry matter accumulation over 100% RDN”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone reduced plant height at 60 DAS by 6.65%, 4.49%, and 2.93% versus water spray, CCC, and Cerone.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- 60 DASe0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, CCC and Ceronee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone reduced the plant height by 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93% at 60 DAS, 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57% at 90 DAS and 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63% at harvest, thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone reduced plant height at 90 DAS by 12.19%, 8.58%, and 3.57%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- 90 DASe0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, CCC and Ceronee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone reduced the plant height by 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93% at 60 DAS, 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57% at 90 DAS and 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63% at harvest, thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone reduced plant height at harvest by 11.46%, 8.50%, and 4.63%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- harveste0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, CCC and Ceronee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone reduced the plant height by 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93% at 60 DAS, 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57% at 90 DAS and 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63% at harvest, thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined regulator spray reduced lodging score by 70.05%, 52.01%, and 29.40%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee1
- Outcome
- lodging scoree0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, CCC and Ceronee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively.”
e1“combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150% RDN, lodging score was 10.23.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150% RDN, effective tiller density was 318.69/m2.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- number of effective tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 318.69e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150% RDN, spike length was 12.03 cm.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- spike lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.03 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150% RDN, grains per spike numbered 44.67.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- number of grains/spikee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44.67e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spray increased effective tillers by 14.97%, 10.12%, and 5.11% over the three comparators.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- effective tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.97, 10.12 and 5.11%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined spray of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone increased the effective tillers by 14.97, 10.12 and 5.11% and test weight by 8.90, 5.72 and 2.88% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined spray increased test weight by 8.90%, 5.72%, and 2.88% over the three comparators.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.90, 5.72 and 2.88%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined spray of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone increased the effective tillers by 14.97, 10.12 and 5.11% and test weight by 8.90, 5.72 and 2.88% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125% RDN rate was statistically at par with 150% RDN.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 125% RDNe0
- Outcome
- statistically at pare0
- Comparator
- 150% RDNe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“125% RDN was found statistically at par with 150% RDN”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased gross returns by 5.72–9.48%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 125 and 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.72–9.48%e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 125 and 150% RDN increased the gross return by 5.72–9.48% and net returns by 7.47–12.02% and B:C ratio by 5.74- 8.66% over 100% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased net returns by 7.47–12.02%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 125 and 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.47–12.02%e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 125 and 150% RDN increased the gross return by 5.72–9.48% and net returns by 7.47–12.02% and B:C ratio by 5.74- 8.66% over 100% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased benefit to cost ratio by 5.74- 8.66%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 125 and 150% RDNe0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.74- 8.66%e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 125 and 150% RDN increased the gross return by 5.72–9.48% and net returns by 7.47–12.02% and B:C ratio by 5.74- 8.66% over 100% RDN.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined regulators increased gross returns by 9.65%, 6.01%, and 2.37%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CCC fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- grosse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.65, 6.01 and 2.37%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of CCC fb Cerone increased gross by 9.65, 6.01 and 2.37% and net returns by 10.31, 7.98 and 2.70% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined regulators increased net returns by 10.31%, 7.98%, and 2.70%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CCC fb Ceronee0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.31, 7.98 and 2.70%e0
- Comparator
- water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of CCC fb Cerone increased gross by 9.65, 6.01 and 2.37% and net returns by 10.31, 7.98 and 2.70% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively.”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined regulators at 125% RDN for lodging management and barley productivity and profitability.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone under higher use nitrogen (125% RDN)e0
- Outcome
- sustainable strategy to manage the problem of lodging and enhancing productivity and profitability of barley cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of plant growth regulators i.e. Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone under higher use nitrogen (125% RDN) can be advocated as sustainable strategy to manage the problem of lodging and enhancing productivity and profitability of barley cultivation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.