Abstract
The shortage of good quantity and quality of water for irrigated agriculture is a major problem in arid and semiarid regions. To deal with this problem, deficit irrigation (DI) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation have been proposed and adopted for many crops as a tool to save water, or to improve crop tolerance to drought stress. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on the physiological, morphological, yield, and quality characteristics of melon plants grown under deficit irrigation. Melon crop (Cucumis melo L. cv. Helios) was grown under field conditions adopting a split-plot design with four replications, where DI was the main factor and AMF inoculation was the secondary factor. DI treatments consisted of applying 60%, 80%, or 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) on melon plants inoculated or not with a commercial biostimulant containing 50% of Rhizophagus irregularis, and 50% of Funneliformis mosseae. Moderate and severe deficit irrigation significantly reduced the relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE), and fruit firmness of the uninoculated plants, but significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and the ascorbic acid content of the fruit. AMF had a positive effect on plant tolerance to moderate water stress, and on some fruit quality parameters (fruit length, firmness, and sugar content). The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA). Furthermore, the use of AMF plants could be worth it to reduce the yield loss and increase fruit quality, even with severe deficit irrigation (60%).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced relative water content and stomatal conductance in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon Plants
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis melot0 - Treatment
- Moderate and severe deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- relative water content, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Moderate and severe deficit irrigation significantly reduced the relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE), and fruit firmness of the uninoculated plants”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced yield in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Moderate and severe deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate and severe deficit irrigation significantly reduced the relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE), and fruit firmness of the uninoculated plants”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE) in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Moderate and severe deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate and severe deficit irrigation significantly reduced the relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE), and fruit firmness of the uninoculated plants”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced fruit firmness in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Moderate and severe deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate and severe deficit irrigation significantly reduced the relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, nitrogen applied efficiency (NAE), and fruit firmness of the uninoculated plants”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigationt0
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and the ascorbic acid content of the fruit”
t0“Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Melon Plants under Deficit Irrigation Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased ascorbic acid content of the fruit in uninoculated melon.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigationt0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid content of the fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and the ascorbic acid content of the fruit”
t0“Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Melon Plants under Deficit Irrigation Regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved tolerance to moderate water stress and fruit length, firmness, and sugar content.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to moderate water stresse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF had a positive effect on plant tolerance to moderate water stress, and on some fruit quality parameters (fruit length, firmness, and sugar content)”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved fruit length.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF had a positive effect on plant tolerance to moderate water stress, and on some fruit quality parameters (fruit length, firmness, and sugar content)”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved firmness.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF had a positive effect on plant tolerance to moderate water stress, and on some fruit quality parameters (fruit length, firmness, and sugar content)”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved sugar content.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF had a positive effect on plant tolerance to moderate water stress, and on some fruit quality parameters (fruit length, firmness, and sugar content)”
t0“Melon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 80% irrigation and AMF improved water savings.
- Taxon
- melon plantsCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- water savingse0
- Direction
- savingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 80% irrigation and AMF maintained fruit yield.
- Taxon
- melon plantsCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 80% irrigation and AMF improved IWUE.
- Taxon
- melon plantsCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 80% irrigation and AMF improved NAE.
- Taxon
- melon plantsCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- NAEe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 80% irrigation and AMF improved firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA.
- Taxon
- melon plantsCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- firmness, SSC, and SSC/TAe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of moderate deficit irrigation (80%) and soil inoculation with AMF on melon plants allows water savings without affecting fruit yield, and increases IWUE, NAE, and some fruit quality characteristics (firmness, SSC, and SSC/TA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest AMF to reduce yield loss and improve fruit quality even with 60% irrigation.
- Taxon
- Melon PlantsCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- severe deficit irrigation (60%)e0
- Outcome
- reduce the yield loss and increase fruit qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of AMF plants could be worth it to reduce the yield loss and increase fruit quality, even with severe deficit irrigation (60%)”
t0“Melon Plants”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.