Abstract
The low dietary intake of iodine (I) and selenium (Se) by humans leads to serious health and socioeconomic problems. Therefore, enrichment of plants with I and Se using fertilisers containing these micronutrients is commonly recommended. In this study, we examined the impacts of combined spraying of I as iodide or iodate, Se as selenite or selenate, and calcium (Ca) as Ca-chloride on the enrichment of 'Red Jonaprince' (Malus domestica Borth.) apples, as well as fruit quality and their storability. Sprays were applied 2 weeks before harvest at rates of 0.5 kg I, 0.25 kg Se and 7 kg Ca per ha. Trees not sprayed with these nutrients served as controls. The tested sprays caused leaf burn, but they did not affect the cold injury of buds and shoots. Those sprays had no effect on yield, fruit size and russeting or skin colouring. At harvest, sprayed apples contained about 50 times more I and Se and 30% more Ca than the control fruit. After storage, compared to the control fruit, sprayed apples were firmer, had more organic acids and were less susceptible to disorders, such as bitter pit, internal breakdown and decay caused by Neofabraea spp. The results indicate that preharvest spraying with I, Se and Ca at high rates can be recommended to effectively enrich apples with I and Se and to simultaneously improve their storability.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed apples contained about 50 times more iodine and selenium than control fruit at harvest.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calciumt0
- Outcome
- I and See1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- about 50 timese1
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e1“At harvest, sprayed apples contained about 50 times more I and Se and 30% more Ca than the control fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed apples contained 30% more calcium than control fruit at harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calciumt0
- Outcome
- Cae1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 30%e1
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e1“At harvest, sprayed apples contained about 50 times more I and Se and 30% more Ca than the control fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
After storage, sprayed apples were firmer than control fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calciumt0
- Outcome
- firmere2
- Direction
- firmere2
- Comparator
- control fruite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e2“After storage, compared to the control fruit, sprayed apples were firmer, had more organic acids and were less susceptible to disorders, such as bitter pit, internal breakdown and decay caused by Neofabraea spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
After storage, sprayed apples had more organic acids than control fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calciumt0
- Outcome
- organic acidse2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- control fruite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e2“After storage, compared to the control fruit, sprayed apples were firmer, had more organic acids and were less susceptible to disorders, such as bitter pit, internal breakdown and decay caused by Neofabraea spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
After storage, sprayed apples were less susceptible to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Neofabraea spp. decay than control fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calciumt0
- Interactor
- Neofabraea spp.
Neofabraeae2pathogen - Outcome
- susceptible to disorderse2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- control fruite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e2“After storage, compared to the control fruit, sprayed apples were firmer, had more organic acids and were less susceptible to disorders, such as bitter pit, internal breakdown and decay caused by Neofabraea spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest spraying with I, Se and Ca at high rates can be recommended to enrich apples with I and Se while improving storability.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- enrich apples with I and See5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e5“The results indicate that preharvest spraying with I, Se and Ca at high rates can be recommended to effectively enrich apples with I and Se and to simultaneously improve their storability”
Claim · model-written summary
The sprays had no effect on yield, fruit size or russeting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Those sprayse4
- Outcome
- yield, fruit size and russetinge4
- Direction
- no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e4“Those sprays had no effect on yield, fruit size and russeting or skin colouring”
Claim · model-written summary
The sprays had no effect on skin colouring.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Those sprayse4
- Outcome
- skin colouringe4
- Direction
- no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e4“Those sprays had no effect on yield, fruit size and russeting or skin colouring”
Claim · model-written summary
The sprays caused leaf burn on apple trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- leaf burne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e3“The tested sprays caused leaf burn, but they did not affect the cold injury of buds and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The sprays did not affect cold injury of buds and shoots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- The tested sprayse3
- Outcome
- cold injury of buds and shootse3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“preharvest sprays of iodine, selenium and calcium on apple biofortification”
e3“The tested sprays caused leaf burn, but they did not affect the cold injury of buds and shoots”
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See all 116 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.