Paper · 2023 · International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Response of Sulphur and Foliar Application of Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

Renuka Bhakher; Victor Debbarma; Jigyasa Ninama

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The field experiment entitled “response of sulphur and foliar application of nano urea on growth and yield of sunflower” was conducted during Summer, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The result showed that maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8 whereas higher plant height (118.83 cm), plant dry weight (70.08 g) and stover yield (3.36 t/ha) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/l in treatment 9.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

diameter of capitulum was maximal at 14.85 cm under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
diameter of capitulume0
Direction
maximume0
Value
14.85 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

number of seeds/capitulum was maximal at 453.67 under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
number of seeds/capitulume0
Direction
maximume0
Value
453.67e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

test weight was maximal at 44.58 g under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
test weighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
44.58 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

seed yield was maximal at 1.70 t/ha under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
1.70 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

oil content was maximal at 37.73 % under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
oil contente0
Direction
maximume0
Value
37.73 %e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B:C ratio was maximal at 2.54 under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 3 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l)e0
Outcome
B:C ratioe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.54e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

plant height was higher at 118.83 cm under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 4 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/le0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
118.83 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher plant height (118.83 cm), plant dry weight (70.08 g) and stover yield (3.36 t/ha) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/l in treatment 9”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–829 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

plant dry weight was higher at 70.08 g under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 4 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/le0
Outcome
plant dry weighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
70.08 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher plant height (118.83 cm), plant dry weight (70.08 g) and stover yield (3.36 t/ha) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/l in treatment 9”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–829 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

stover yield was higher at 3.36 t/ha under sulphur 40 kg/ha and nano urea 4 ml/l.

Taxon
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)Helianthus annuust0
Treatment
Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/le0
Outcome
stover yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
3.36 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher plant height (118.83 cm), plant dry weight (70.08 g) and stover yield (3.36 t/ha) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/l in treatment 9”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 634–829 · show in text ↑
t0

“Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–110 · show in text ↑

sulfur atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ

45 papers: 43 positive, 2 negative or no effect

42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

41 papers more in this group

See all 45 papers →

sulfur atom · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 19 positive, 1 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

sulfur atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 21 positive, 1 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

sulfur atom · quality: grain · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

nitrogen · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ

51 papers: 40 positive, 11 negative or no effect

39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ

76 papers: 63 positive, 13 negative or no effect

62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

72 papers more in this group

See all 76 papers →

nitrogen · quality: grain · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

nanoparticle · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 16 positive, 4 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.