Abstract
The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh. It causes serious losses both in nursery as well as in orchard conditions. The disease incidence of white root rot varied between 12 to 27 per cent in Shimla district of the state. The present studies were designed to evaluate three methods of application (pre, post and simultaneous inoculation) of fungal antagonists (Trichoderma viride or Trichoderma harzianum) against Dematophora necatrix in soil under pot conditions to ascertain the best time of application of antagonist to control the pathogen. Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days), maximum per cent disease control (73.33 per cent), maximum average root parameters (root area, root length, root tip number, number of forks, root diameter, root volume), minimum cfu/g root weight of D. necatrix (7.67×104), minimum per cent root infection (36.06 per cent), and maximum soil enzymes activities [urease (10.45 µg (NH4)+/ g soil / hr), dehydrogenase (10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hr) and phosphatase activity (67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hr).In simultaneous inoculation of antagonist and pathogen, antagonists prevented the appearance of disease, however, post inoculation of these was less effective.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before the pathogen increased the incubation period of white root rot in apple to 25 days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Interactor
- Dematophora necatrixDematophora necatrixe2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incubation periode3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 25 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e2“against Dematophora necatrix in soil under pot conditions”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum disease control of 73.33 per cent against Dematophora necatrix in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Interactor
- Dematophora necatrixDematophora necatrixe2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- per cent disease controle4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 73.33 per cente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e2“against Dematophora necatrix in soil under pot conditions”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e4“maximum per cent disease control (73.33 per cent)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave minimum root infection of 36.06 per cent by Dematophora necatrix in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Interactor
- Dematophora necatrixDematophora necatrixe2pathogen
- Outcome
- per cent root infectione5
- Direction
- minimume5
- Value
- 36.06 per cente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e2“against Dematophora necatrix in soil under pot conditions”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e5“minimum per cent root infection (36.06 per cent)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave minimum cfu/g root weight of D. necatrix of 7.67×104.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Interactor
- D. necatrixDematophora necatrixe6pathogen
- Outcome
- cfu/g root weight of D. necatrixe6
- Direction
- minimume6
- Value
- 7.67×104e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e6“minimum cfu/g root weight of D. necatrix (7.67×104)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum urease activity in soil of apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Outcome
- ureasee7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 10.45 µg (NH4)+/ g soil / hre7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e7“maximum soil enzymes activities [urease (10.45 µg (NH4)+/ g soil / hr), dehydrogenase (10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hr) and phosphatase activity (67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum dehydrogenase activity in soil of apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee6
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hre6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e7“maximum soil enzymes activities [urease (10.45 µg (NH4)+/ g soil / hr), dehydrogenase (10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hr) and phosphatase activity (67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hr)”
e6“dehydrogenase (10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum phosphatase activity in soil of apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Outcome
- phosphatase activitye6
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hre6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e7“maximum soil enzymes activities [urease (10.45 µg (NH4)+/ g soil / hr), dehydrogenase (10.48µg TPF/ g soil/ 24 hr) and phosphatase activity (67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hr)”
e6“phosphatase activity (67.36 µg PNP/ g soil/ hr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum root area, root length and root tip number in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Outcome
- root area, root length, root tip numbere5
- Direction
- maximume5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e5“maximum average root parameters (root area, root length, root tip number”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation of T. harzianum gave maximum number of forks, root diameter and root volume in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculume3
- Outcome
- number of forks, root diameter, root volumee6
- Direction
- maximume5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e3“Pre inoculation of T. harzianum 15 days before pathogen inoculum was highly effective and recorded long incubation period (25 days)”
e5“maximum average root parameters (root area, root length, root tip number”
e6“number of forks, root diameter, root volume”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous inoculation of antagonist and pathogen prevented the appearance of white root rot in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation of antagonist and pathogene4
- Interactor
- Dematophora necatrixDematophora necatrixe2pathogen
- Outcome
- appearance of diseasee4
- Direction
- preventede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e2“against Dematophora necatrix in soil under pot conditions”
e4“In simultaneous inoculation of antagonist and pathogen, antagonists prevented the appearance of disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-inoculation of antagonists was less effective against white root rot in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- post inoculation of thesee4
- Outcome
- effectivee4
- Direction
- lesse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e4“post inoculation of these was less effective”
Claim · model-written summary
White root rot incidence in Shimla district of apple ranged from 12 to 27 per cent.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- disease incidence of white root rote1
- Value
- 12 to 27 per cente1
- Setting
- Shimla districte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white root rot of apple is one of the most prevalent disease in all the apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh”
e1“The disease incidence of white root rot varied between 12 to 27 per cent in Shimla district of the state”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
inoculation · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →inoculation · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.