Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) generally increases plant growth by improving photosynthesis, but it is unclear whether eCO2 can alleviate the negative effects of elevated temperatures, especially in high-temperature years. Manipulative experiments with elevated [CO2] and temperature were conducted in North China to understand the effect of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on wheat. The photosynthesis, An–PAR and A–Ci curve parameters, growth period, biomass, yield component, and yield of wheat were investigated under different [CO2] (around 400 and 600 ppm) and temperatures (ambient temperature and ambient temperature +2 °C) for 3 years by using controlled chambers. Results showed that elevated temperature significantly shortened the growth period and decreased the yield and biomass of wheat. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax) but reduced the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). The extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019 exerted a serious negative impact on wheat production. Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis, increased kernel number per spike, and extended the duration of the grain filling period, which consequently increased biomass and grain yield under elevated temperatures in normal years (2018 and 2020). Although the combination of CO2 and temperature reduced photosynthesis and biomass, it also alleviated the negative impact of elevated temperatures on grain yield to some extent under extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019. The mitigative effect of eCO2 under extreme high temperature is limited, and planting early-maturing cultivars or increasing the genotypes of kernel number per spike help to escape the extreme high temperature of the critical growth period.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature significantly shortened the growth period of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- growth periode0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that elevated temperature significantly shortened the growth period and decreased the yield and biomass of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature significantly decreased the yield and biomass of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- yield and biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that elevated temperature significantly shortened the growth period and decreased the yield and biomass of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax) of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] reduced the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax) but reduced the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax)”
Claim · model-written summary
The extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019 had a serious negative impact on wheat production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019e0
- Outcome
- wheat productione0
- Direction
- negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019 exerted a serious negative impact on wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis in wheat under elevated temperatures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] increased kernel number per spike of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spikee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis, increased kernel number per spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] extended the duration of the grain filling period of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- duration of the grain filling periode0
- Direction
- extendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis, increased kernel number per spike, and extended the duration of the grain filling period”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] increased biomass and grain yield of wheat under elevated temperatures in normal years (2018 and 2020).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- biomass and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under elevated temperaturese0
- Setting
- normal years (2018 and 2020)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis, increased kernel number per spike, and extended the duration of the grain filling period, which consequently increased biomass and grain yield under elevated temperatures in normal years (2018 and 2020)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature reduced photosynthesis and biomass of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of CO2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“the combination of CO2 and temperature reduced photosynthesis and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature alleviated the negative impact of elevated temperatures on grain yield to some extent under extreme heat during grain filling in 2019.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of CO2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
- Qualifier
- to some extente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“the combination of CO2 and temperature”
e1“it also alleviated the negative impact of elevated temperatures on grain yield to some extent under extremely high temperature during the grain filling period in 2019”
Claim · model-written summary
The mitigative effect of elevated CO2 under extreme high temperature is limited.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mitigative effect of eCO2 under extreme high temperaturee0
- Qualifier
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The mitigative effect of eCO2 under extreme high temperature is limited”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting early-maturing cultivars or increasing the genotypes of kernel number per spike helps wheat escape extreme high temperature in the critical growth period.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- planting early-maturing cultivarse0
- Outcome
- escape the extreme high temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“planting early-maturing cultivars or increasing the genotypes of kernel number per spike help to escape the extreme high temperature of the critical growth period”
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See all 309 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.