Abstract
Abstract Elevated CO 2 promotes leaf photosynthesis and improves crop grain yield. However, as a major anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO 2 contributes to more frequent and severe heat stress, which threatens crop productivity. The combined effects of elevated CO 2 and heat stress are complex, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of elevated CO 2 and high‐temperature on foliar physiological traits and the proteome of spring wheat grown under two CO 2 concentrations (380 and 550 µmol mol −1 ) and two temperature conditions (ambient and post‐anthesis heat stress) are examined. Elevated CO 2 increases leaf photosynthetic traits, biomass, and grain yield, while heat stress depresses photosynthesis and yield. Temperature‐induced impacts on chlorophyll content and grain yield are not significantly different under the two CO 2 concentrations. Analysis of the leaf proteome reveals that proteins involved in photosynthesis as well as antioxidant and protein synthesis pathways are significantly downregulated due to the combination of elevated CO 2 and heat stress. Correspondingly, plants treated with elevated CO 2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight. The present study demonstrates that future post‐anthesis heat episodes will diminish the positive effects of elevated CO 2 and negatively impact wheat production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf photosynthetic traits.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic traitse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 increases leaf photosynthetic traits, biomass, and grain yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased biomass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 increases leaf photosynthetic traits, biomass, and grain yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 increases leaf photosynthetic traits, biomass, and grain yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress depressed photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- depressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat stress depresses photosynthesis and yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress depressed yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- depressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat stress depresses photosynthesis and yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The heat impact on chlorophyll content did not differ significantly between CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature‐induced impacts on chlorophyll content and grain yield are not significantly different under the two CO 2 concentrations”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The heat impact on grain yield did not differ significantly between CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature‐induced impacts on chlorophyll content and grain yield are not significantly different under the two CO 2 concentrations”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat significantly downregulated proteins in photosynthesis, antioxidant and protein synthesis pathways.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of elevated CO 2 and heat stresse0
- Outcome
- proteins involved in photosynthesis as well as antioxidant and protein synthesis pathwayse0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins involved in photosynthesis as well as antioxidant and protein synthesis pathways are significantly downregulated due to the combination of elevated CO 2 and heat stress”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat reduced green leaf area.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and heat stresse0
- Outcome
- green leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with elevated CO 2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat reduced photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and heat stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with elevated CO 2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat reduced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and heat stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with elevated CO 2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat reduced 1000-kernel weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and heat stresse0
- Outcome
- 1000‐kernel weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with elevated CO 2 and heat stress exhibit decreased green leaf area, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 1000‐kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
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