Abstract
To clarify the improvement effect of organic fertilizer application on peanut continuous cropping obstacles, a field plot experiment was conducted in a plot that had been continuously cropped with peanut for 5 years. Equal amounts of nitrogen were applied to the plot using charcoal-based fertilizer (T2), pig manure compost (T3), and chicken manure compost (T4), while chemical fertilizer (T1) and no fertilizer (CK) were used as controls. The study investigated peanut agronomic traits, yield and its contributing factors, soil physical and chemical properties, and peanut leaf diseases. The results showed that all three types of organic fertilizers could significantly promote peanut growth, with the T3 performing the best. The main stem height, length of the first lateral branch, and number of branches per plant in the T3 were 31.45%, 21.28%, and 26.32% higher than those in the CK, respectively. There was no significant difference between the T2 and T4 s in terms of main stem height and number of branches per plant compared to the T3. In terms of yield and its contributing factors, the performance of organic fertilizers was significantly better than that of the T1 and CK s. Among them, the T3 had the highest yield, which was 36.81% and 22.07% higher than that of the CK and T1 s, respectively. There was no significant difference between the T4 and the T3. The T2 and T4 s had the highest hundred-pod weight, while the T3 and T4 s had the lowest number of pods per kilogram. There was no significant difference in hundredkernel weight among the three types of organic fertilizers. In terms of soil physical and chemical properties, the application of organic fertilizers significantly increased soil pH, porosity, field water holding capacity, and decreased soil bulk density compared to chemical fertilizer and no-fertilizer s. There was no significant difference in these indicators among the organic fertilizer s. In terms of soil nutrient content, all fertilization s significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil. Among them, the organic fertilizer treatments were significantly better than the chemical fertilizer in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphorus content. Additionally, organic fertilizer s significantly increased the soil organic carbon content, with the T2 having the highest organic carbon content, which was 20.56% higher than that of the CK. In terms of soil phenolic acid content, organic fertilizer s significantly reduced the content of vanillic acid and coumarin in the soil, with the lowest coumarin content observed in the T3 and T4 s. In terms of peanut leaf diseases, the disease index of peanut leaf spot and brown spot were significantly lower in the organic fertilizer s than in the no-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer s, but there was no significant difference between the different organic fertilizer s. After the comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function method, it can be found that T4 can alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle to the greatest extent. The conclusion drawn from this study is that biochar-based fertilizer, pig manure compost, and chicken manure compost can all promote growth, increase yield, improve soil environmental quality, and provide certain disease prevention and control effects for peanut plants under continuous cropping obstacles. It is recommended to choose organic fertilizer for application in areas where peanut continuous cropping is more serious in a timely and site-specific manner.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All three organic fertilizers significantly promoted peanut growth, with pig manure compost best.
- Taxon
- Peanuts
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- all three types of organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- peanut growthe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“all three types of organic fertilizers could significantly promote peanut growth, with the T3 performing the best”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 raised main stem height 31.45% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- main stem heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31.45%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“main stem height, length of the first lateral branch, and number of branches per plant in the T3 were 31.45%, 21.28%, and 26.32% higher than those in the CK, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 raised first lateral branch length 21.28% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- length of the first lateral branche0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21.28%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“main stem height, length of the first lateral branch, and number of branches per plant in the T3 were 31.45%, 21.28%, and 26.32% higher than those in the CK, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 raised branch number 26.32% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26.32%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“main stem height, length of the first lateral branch, and number of branches per plant in the T3 were 31.45%, 21.28%, and 26.32% higher than those in the CK, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 and T4 did not differ significantly from T3 in stem height and branch number.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T2 and T4e0
- Outcome
- main stem height and number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- T3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“There was no significant difference between the T2 and T4 s in terms of main stem height and number of branches per plant compared to the T3”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers performed significantly better than chemical and no fertilizer for yield and contributing factors.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yield and its contributing factorse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- T1 and CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“In terms of yield and its contributing factors, the performance of organic fertilizers was significantly better than that of the T1 and CK s”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 yield was 36.81% higher than CK.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36.81%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“T3 had the highest yield, which was 36.81% and 22.07% higher than that of the CK and T1 s, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 yield was 22.07% higher than T1.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.07%e0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“T3 had the highest yield, which was 36.81% and 22.07% higher than that of the CK and T1 s, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 and T3 yields did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- T3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“There was no significant difference between the T4 and the T3”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 and T4 had the highest hundred-pod weight.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T2 and T4e0
- Outcome
- hundred-pod weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“The T2 and T4 s had the highest hundred-pod weight”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 and T4 had the lowest pods per kilogram.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T3 and T4e0
- Outcome
- number of pods per kilograme0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“T3 and T4 s had the lowest number of pods per kilogram”
Claim · model-written summary
Hundred-kernel weight did not differ significantly among organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- three types of organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- hundredkernel weighte0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“There was no significant difference in hundredkernel weight among the three types of organic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased soil pH, porosity and water holding capacity relative to controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil pH, porosity, field water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer and no-fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“application of organic fertilizers significantly increased soil pH, porosity, field water holding capacity, and decreased soil bulk density compared to chemical fertilizer and no-fertilizer s”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers decreased soil bulk density relative to controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer and no-fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“application of organic fertilizers significantly increased soil pH, porosity, field water holding capacity, and decreased soil bulk density compared to chemical fertilizer and no-fertilizer s”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased soil total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- all fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“all fertilization s significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased soil available potassium.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- all fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- available potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“all fertilization s significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased soil organic carbon, with T2 20.56% above CK.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.56%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“organic fertilizer s significantly increased the soil organic carbon content, with the T2 having the highest organic carbon content, which was 20.56% higher than that of the CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers reduced soil vanillic acid and coumarin, with lowest coumarin under T3 and T4.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- content of vanillic acid and coumarin in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“organic fertilizer s significantly reduced the content of vanillic acid and coumarin in the soil, with the lowest coumarin content observed in the T3 and T4 s”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers reduced peanut leaf spot and brown spot disease indices relative to controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- disease index of peanut leaf spot and brown spote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- no-fertilizer and chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“disease index of peanut leaf spot and brown spot were significantly lower in the organic fertilizer s than in the no-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer s”
Claim · model-written summary
The comprehensive evaluation found T4 best alleviated continuous cropping obstacles.
- Taxon
- PeanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- continuous cropping obstaclee0
- Direction
- greatest extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanuts”
e0“T4 can alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle to the greatest extent”
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