Abstract
Indiscriminate and injudicious application of inorganic fertilizers and irrigation, respectively, cause declines in crop productivity as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, judicious use of organic manures and proper scheduling of irrigation are required for sustainable production of wheat crops. A two-year (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) study was conducted to determine the wheat nutrient uptake, soil moisture, and grain yield as a result of organic manures and irrigation schedule. The experiment was set up with four treatments of organic manure in four subplots with repellents and five irrigation planning treatments in the main plot. The results showed that an irrigation/water ratio of 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I2) increased grain yield, soil moisture content, and nutrient uptake of wheat (I3) compared to 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive period. According to statistics, it was found that the vegetative period is maintained at 0.8 IW/CPE, and the reproductive period is maintained at 1.0 IW/CPE (I5). Applying 7.5 Mg ha−1 of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha−1 of vermicompost while employing organic manure increases grain output, soil moisture content, and nutrient content and absorption compared to the control treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that irrigation either at I2 or I5 + FYM at 7.5 Mg ha−1 + vermicompost at 3 Mg ha−1 could be recommended for enhancing grain of wheat cultivation, particularly in the semiarid regions of northwestern India.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
An irrigation ratio of 0.9 increased wheat grain yield and soil moisture compared with the stated lower IW/CPE schedules.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I2)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield, soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an irrigation/water ratio of 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I2) increased grain yield, soil moisture content, and nutrient uptake of wheat (I3) compared to 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive period”
Claim · model-written summary
An irrigation ratio of 0.9 increased wheat nutrient uptake compared with the stated lower IW/CPE schedules.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I2)e0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake of wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an irrigation/water ratio of 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I2) increased grain yield, soil moisture content, and nutrient uptake of wheat (I3) compared to 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive period”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure plus vermicompost increased grain output and soil moisture relative to control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 7.5 Mg ha−1 of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha−1 of vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- grain output, soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 7.5 Mg ha−1 of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha−1 of vermicompost while employing organic manure increases grain output, soil moisture content, and nutrient content and absorption compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Wheat Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure plus vermicompost increased nutrient content and absorption relative to control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 7.5 Mg ha−1 of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha−1 of vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- nutrient content and absorptione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 7.5 Mg ha−1 of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha−1 of vermicompost while employing organic manure increases grain output, soil moisture content, and nutrient content and absorption compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Wheat Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend irrigation at I2 or I5 with FYM and vermicompost to enhance wheat grain production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- irrigation either at I2 or I5 + FYM at 7.5 Mg ha−1 + vermicompost at 3 Mg ha−1 could be recommendede0
- Setting
- northwestern Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation either at I2 or I5 + FYM at 7.5 Mg ha−1 + vermicompost at 3 Mg ha−1 could be recommended for enhancing grain of wheat cultivation, particularly in the semiarid regions of northwestern India”
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