Abstract
Abstract Intercropping of cotton and legume plants offers long‐term crop productivity while saving agricultural resources and improving soil health. However, the use of nitrogen (N) in cotton/legume intercropping systems requires further evaluation. In this study, three N fertilization rates (cotton/soybean: 160/20, 320/40 and 480/80 kg N ha −1 ) incorporating three root barrier systems (complete, semi and no root barrier between the crops) under cotton/soybean intercropping systems were conducted to assess interactions between N supply and N transfer, recovery and residue using the 15 N isotope dilution method. The results show that cotton was a stronger competitor for N than soybean plants. The 320/40 kg N ha −1 treatment with no root barrier system inhibited the growth of soybean, while the growth, productivity and N uptake for cotton were maximized. The N fixation rate (%NDFA) in soybean and N transfer rate (%NTFS) from soybean to cotton decreased with the increasing N fertilizer application rate, whereas the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS. The higher N fertilization rate increased the N residue on the side of cotton, whereas the intercropping with no root barrier increased N utilization rate (%NUR) and reduced N residue rate (%NRR). The N transfer amount (NTA) was positively correlated with cotton yield, dry matter (DM) and N uptake, while NTA was negatively correlated with these indicators for soybean. Overall, cotton/soybean intercropping adapted to the 320/40 kg N ha −1 condition and intercropping with no root barrier system by balancing growth, changing N uptake and regulating N fixation transfer, mitigating the issue of N residue.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton competed more strongly for nitrogen than soybean.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- stronger competitor for Ne0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- soybean plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that cotton was a stronger competitor for N than soybean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 320/40 kg N ha −1 without a root barrier, soybean growth was inhibited.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 320/40 kg N ha −1 treatment with no root barrier systeme0
- Outcome
- growth of soybeane0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 320/40 kg N ha −1 treatment with no root barrier system inhibited the growth of soybean, while the growth, productivity and N uptake for cotton were maximized.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 320/40 kg N ha −1 without a root barrier, cotton growth, productivity and nitrogen uptake were maximized.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 320/40 kg N ha −1 treatment with no root barrier systeme0
- Outcome
- growth, productivity and N uptake for cottone0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 320/40 kg N ha −1 treatment with no root barrier system inhibited the growth of soybean, while the growth, productivity and N uptake for cotton were maximized.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean nitrogen fixation decreased as fertilizer rate increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer application ratee0
- Outcome
- N fixation rate (%NDFA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N fixation rate (%NDFA) in soybean and N transfer rate (%NTFS) from soybean to cotton decreased with the increasing N fertilizer application rate, whereas the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen transfer from soybean to cotton decreased as fertilizer rate increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer application ratee0
- Outcome
- N transfer rate (%NTFS) from soybean to cottone0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N fixation rate (%NDFA) in soybean and N transfer rate (%NTFS) from soybean to cotton decreased with the increasing N fertilizer application rate, whereas the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS.”
Claim · model-written summary
No root barrier increased soybean nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- no root barriere0
- Outcome
- %NDFAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No root barrier increased nitrogen transfer from soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- no root barriere0
- Outcome
- %NTFSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intercropping system with no root barrier increased %NDFA and %NTFS.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rate increased nitrogen residue on the cotton side.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- higher N fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- N residue on the side of cottone0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher N fertilization rate increased the N residue on the side of cotton, whereas the intercropping with no root barrier increased N utilization rate (%NUR) and reduced N residue rate (%NRR).”
Claim · model-written summary
No root barrier increased nitrogen utilization rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- no root barriere0
- Outcome
- N utilization rate (%NUR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intercropping with no root barrier increased N utilization rate (%NUR) and reduced N residue rate (%NRR).”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
No root barrier reduced nitrogen residue rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- no root barriere0
- Outcome
- N residue rate (%NRR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intercropping with no root barrier increased N utilization rate (%NUR) and reduced N residue rate (%NRR).”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen transfer amount correlated positively with cotton yield, dry matter and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- N transfer amount (NTA)e0
- Outcome
- cotton yield, dry matter (DM) and N uptakee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N transfer amount (NTA) was positively correlated with cotton yield, dry matter (DM) and N uptake, while NTA was negatively correlated with these indicators for soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen transfer amount correlated negatively with soybean yield, dry matter and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- N transfer amount (NTA)e0
- Outcome
- these indicators for soybeane0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N transfer amount (NTA) was positively correlated with cotton yield, dry matter (DM) and N uptake, while NTA was negatively correlated with these indicators for soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify 320/40 kg N ha −1 and no root barrier as suitable for cotton/soybean intercropping.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- adapted to the 320/40 kg N ha −1 condition and intercropping with no root barrier systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, cotton/soybean intercropping adapted to the 320/40 kg N ha −1 condition and intercropping with no root barrier system by balancing growth, changing N uptake and regulating N fixation transfer, mitigating the issue of N residue.”
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