Abstract
Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer during rice cultivation leads to progressive soil contamination in the long term and increases production costs. An alternative to reduce over fertilization is to partially replace the fertilizer with microbes that promote nutrition and growth, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We investigated the combination of four different rates of AMF (M): (M0: 0 g polybag−1, M1: 15 g polybag−1, M2: 30 g polybag−1, and M3: 45 g polybag−1) and three rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: (N0: 0 kg N ha−1, N1: 90 kg N ha−1, N2: 180 kg N ha−1) on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag. Our findings indicate that the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1 decreased soil bulk density by 38.02% and 37.24%, increased soil pH by 14.81% and 14.95%, soil porosity by 60.68% and 61.09%, soil organic matter by 28.62% and 30.46%, total N by 92.59% and 89.66%, available phosphorus by 30.12% and 29.85%, available potassium by 3.75% and 4.01%, rice plant height by 19.19% and 19.79%, tiller number by 25.27% and 26.08%, SPAD by 20.71% and 20.62%, flag leaf area by 107.76% and 108.02%, panicle length by 49.72% and 52.31%, panicle number by 67.44% and 72.35%, 1000-grain weight by 30.70% and 32.44%, root dry matter by 54.34% and 53.69%, shoot dry matter by 26.08% and 28.26%, root length by 54.68% and 56.44%, root volume by 42.73% and 43.37%, and N uptake by 107.93% and 108.06% compared to control during the early and late seasons, respectively. Conclusively, the combined application of AMF and N fertilizer increased the physiochemical properties, rice growth, rice productivity, and N uptake compared to AMF alone, N fertilizer alone, and the control treatment.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed soil bulk density by 38.02% and 37.24% relative to control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 38.02% and 37.24%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“decreased soil bulk density by 38.02% and 37.24%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed soil pH by 14.81% and 14.95% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- soil pHe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 14.81% and 14.95%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“increased soil pH by 14.81% and 14.95%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed soil porosity by 60.68% and 61.09% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- soil porositye2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 60.68% and 61.09%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“soil porosity by 60.68% and 61.09%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed soil organic matter by 28.62% and 30.46% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 28.62% and 30.46%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“soil organic matter by 28.62% and 30.46%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed total N by 92.59% and 89.66% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- total Ne2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 92.59% and 89.66%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“total N by 92.59% and 89.66%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed available phosphorus by 30.12% and 29.85% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 30.12% and 29.85%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“available phosphorus by 30.12% and 29.85%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed available potassium by 3.75% and 4.01% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- available potassiume2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 3.75% and 4.01%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“available potassium by 3.75% and 4.01%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed rice plant height by 19.19% and 19.79% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- rice plant heighte2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 19.19% and 19.79%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“rice plant height by 19.19% and 19.79%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed tiller number by 25.27% and 26.08% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- tiller numbere2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 25.27% and 26.08%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“tiller number by 25.27% and 26.08%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed SPAD by 20.71% and 20.62% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- SPADe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 20.71% and 20.62%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“SPAD by 20.71% and 20.62%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed flag leaf area by 107.76% and 108.02% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- flag leaf areae2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 107.76% and 108.02%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“flag leaf area by 107.76% and 108.02%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed panicle length by 49.72% and 52.31% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- panicle lengthe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 49.72% and 52.31%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“panicle length by 49.72% and 52.31%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed panicle number by 67.44% and 72.35% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- panicle numbere2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 67.44% and 72.35%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“panicle number by 67.44% and 72.35%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed 1000-grain weight by 30.70% and 32.44% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 30.70% and 32.44%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“1000-grain weight by 30.70% and 32.44%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed root dry matter by 54.34% and 53.69% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- root dry mattere2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 54.34% and 53.69%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“root dry matter by 54.34% and 53.69%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed shoot dry matter by 26.08% and 28.26% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 26.08% and 28.26%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“shoot dry matter by 26.08% and 28.26%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed root length by 54.68% and 56.44% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 54.68% and 56.44%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“root length by 54.68% and 56.44%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed root volume by 42.73% and 43.37% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- root volumee2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 42.73% and 43.37%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“root volume by 42.73% and 43.37%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 45 g AMF per polybag and 180 kg N ha-1 changed N uptake by 107.93% and 108.06% relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Trisaktie3
- Treatment
- combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e4symbiont
- Outcome
- N uptakee2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 107.93% and 108.06%e2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e0“the combination of 45 g AMF polybag−1 and 180 kg N ha−1”
e1“compared to control during the early and late seasons”
e2“N uptake by 107.93% and 108.06%”
e3“on Trisakti rice cultivar cultivated in polybag”
e4“such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil properties, rice growth, productivity and N uptake compared with AMF alone, N fertilizer alone and control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of AMF and N fertilizere5
- Interactor
- AMFe5symbiont
- Outcome
- physiochemical propertiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- AMF alone, N fertilizer alone, and the control treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen Uptake, and Rice Yield in a Polybag Experiment”
e5“the combined application of AMF and N fertilizer increased the physiochemical properties, rice growth, rice productivity, and N uptake compared to AMF alone, N fertilizer alone, and the control treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.