Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm in Abdul Salam Aref, Badr Center, Beheira Governorate, Egypt during the winter growing seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to study organic strawberry production under different irrigation levels cultivated in sandy soil. Three irrigation levels (100, 75, and 50%ET0) were arranged in main plots, and the four organic fertilizers ( plant compost (3.5 and 7 t/fed.), chicken manure (1.75 and 3.5 t/fed.), vermicompost (3.5 and 7 t/fed.) and bokashi (3.5 and 7 t/fed.) were arranged in subplots. The results indicated that irrigation levels at 100% recorded the highest values of vegetative growth, i.e., plant height, plant fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf area, and total chlorophyll (SPAD) of strawberries. Also, irrigation levels at 100% gave the highest mean values of yield characteristics (i.e., fruit length, fruit weight, yield/plant, and yield/fed) and caused a significantly higher increase in the studied chemical composition (i.e., TSS, total acidity, total sugar, vitamin C in fruits, and N, P, K percentage in leaves) compared with the other treatment during both seasons. On the other hand, the application of different organic fertilizers significantly increased all these traits. However, vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C. Meanwhile , chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.) caused the highest mean values of number of leaves, fruit length (in the first season), yield/plant and yield/fed (in the second season), and NPK percentages of leaves compared with the other organic treatments, while the control treatment recorded the highest value of total acidity during both seasons.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation gave the highest strawberry growth traits and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- irrigation levels at 100%e0
- Outcome
- plant height, plant fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“irrigation levels at 100% recorded the highest values of vegetative growth, i.e., plant height, plant fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf area, and total chlorophyll (SPAD) of strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation gave the highest chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- irrigation levels at 100%e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll (SPAD)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation levels at 100% recorded the highest values of vegetative growth, i.e., plant height, plant fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf area, and total chlorophyll (SPAD) of strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation gave the highest fruit size and yield.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- irrigation levels at 100%e0
- Outcome
- fruit length, fruit weight, yield/plant, and yield/fede0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation levels at 100% gave the highest mean values of yield characteristics (i.e., fruit length, fruit weight, yield/plant, and yield/fed)”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation increased fruit soluble solids, acidity, sugar and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- TSS, total acidity, total sugar, vitamin C in fruitse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse0
- Comparator
- the other treatmente0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused a significantly higher increase in the studied chemical composition (i.e., TSS, total acidity, total sugar, vitamin C in fruits, and N, P, K percentage in leaves) compared with the other treatment during both seasons”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Full irrigation increased leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- N, P, K percentage in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse0
- Comparator
- the other treatmente0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused a significantly higher increase in the studied chemical composition (i.e., TSS, total acidity, total sugar, vitamin C in fruits, and N, P, K percentage in leaves) compared with the other treatment during both seasons”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased the measured growth, yield and composition traits.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- different organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- all these traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of different organic fertilizers significantly increased all these traits”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost at 7 t/fed. significantly increased growth and chlorophyll traits.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (7 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost at 7 t/fed. significantly increased fruit length in the second season.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (7 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- in the second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost at 7 t/fed. significantly increased fruit weight.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (7 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost at 7 t/fed. significantly increased yields in the first season.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (7 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- yield/plant and yield/fede0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost at 7 t/fed. significantly increased TSS and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost (7 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- percentage of TSS and content of vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost (7 t/fed.) recorded significant increases in plant height, plant fresh weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, fruit length in the second season, fruit weight, yield/plant and yield/fed (in the first season), percentage of TSS and content of vitamin C”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 3.5 t/fed. gave the highest leaf number.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the other organic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.) caused the highest mean values of number of leaves, fruit length (in the first season), yield/plant and yield/fed (in the second season), and NPK percentages of leaves compared with the other organic treatments”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 3.5 t/fed. gave the highest fruit length in the first season.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone0
- Comparator
- the other organic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.) caused the highest mean values of number of leaves, fruit length (in the first season), yield/plant and yield/fed (in the second season), and NPK percentages of leaves compared with the other organic treatments”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 3.5 t/fed. gave the highest yields in the second season.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- yield/plant and yield/fede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in the second seasone0
- Comparator
- the other organic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.) caused the highest mean values of number of leaves, fruit length (in the first season), yield/plant and yield/fed (in the second season), and NPK percentages of leaves compared with the other organic treatments”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 3.5 t/fed. gave the highest leaf NPK percentages.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.)e0
- Outcome
- NPK percentages of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the other organic treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicken manure (3.5 t/fed.) caused the highest mean values of number of leaves, fruit length (in the first season), yield/plant and yield/fed (in the second season), and NPK percentages of leaves compared with the other organic treatments”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The control had the highest total acidity in both seasons.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- the control treatmente0
- Outcome
- total aciditye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the control treatment recorded the highest value of total acidity during both seasons”
t0“Strawberry”
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