Abstract
The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) priming (10 -6 M) on the growth and hormonal homeostasis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt wheat (T.spelta L.) plants after drought stress was analysed.During the experiment, 18-day-old water-germinated (C-plants) and ABA-primed (ABA + -plants) plants exposed to drought stress (4 days without irrigation) and 21-day-old plants after recovery were studied.Drought-stressed ABA + -plants showed increased length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of roots and decreased shoot height and FW compared to C-plants.Priming with ABA increased the accumulation of ABA in T. aestivum and T. spelta plants during soil drought.However, in T. spelta ABA + -plants, the ABA content was 2.2-fold greater than in T. aestivum.After recovery, the ABA content in both species decreased.Drought stress decreased indole acetic acid (IAA) content in T. aestivum ABA + -plants but increased in T. spelta ones.The IAA content in stressed ABA + -plants of both species was 1.6-fold higher compared to stressed C-plants.After recovery, IAA accumulated in both ABA + -plants.In stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content was 123.4% and 24.2% higher compared to C-plants.In recovered ABA + -plants, GA 3 content was higher than in C-plants.The content of salicylic acid (SA) in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants increased by 5.5% and 62.8%, respectively.Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed Сplants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively.Changes in CK forms in all treatments of the experiment were observed.Overall, the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABA improved root growth and was associated with changes in the hormonal system of soil drought-stressed plants.The results of the experiment suggest that long-term changes in the balance of endogenous phytohormones caused by the ABA priming are related with the formation of drought stress response.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed ABA-primed wheat plants had increased root length, fresh and dry root weight compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. spelta
Triticum aestivum_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=60)
Triticum speltat0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Drought-stressed ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- C-plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Drought-stressed ABA + -plants showed increased length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of roots and decreased shoot height and FW compared to C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed ABA-primed wheat plants had decreased shoot height and fresh weight compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- Drought-stressed ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- shoot height and FWe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- C-plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Drought-stressed ABA + -plants showed increased length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of roots and decreased shoot height and FW compared to C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA priming increased ABA accumulation in both wheat and spelt during soil drought.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltae2
- Treatment
- Priming with ABAe2
- Outcome
- accumulation of ABAe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- during soil droughte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e2“Priming with ABA increased the accumulation of ABA in T. aestivum and T. spelta plants during soil drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Spelt ABA-primed plants had 2.2-fold greater ABA content than T. aestivum.
- Taxon
- T. speltaTriticum speltae3
- Outcome
- ABA contente3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 2.2-folde3
- Comparator
- T. aestivume3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e3“However, in T. spelta ABA + -plants, the ABA content was 2.2-fold greater than in T. aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery the ABA content decreased in both wheat and spelt.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- recoverye4
- Outcome
- ABA contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e4“After recovery, the ABA content in both species decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased IAA content in T. aestivum ABA-primed plants.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- indole acetic acid (IAA) contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e5“Drought stress decreased indole acetic acid (IAA) content in T. aestivum ABA + -plants but increased in T. spelta ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased IAA content in T. spelta ABA-primed plants.
- Taxon
- T. speltaTriticum speltae5
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- indole acetic acid (IAA) contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e5“Drought stress decreased indole acetic acid (IAA) content in T. aestivum ABA + -plants but increased in T. spelta ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed ABA-primed plants had 1.6-fold higher IAA content than stressed controls in both species.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- stressed ABA + -plantse6
- Outcome
- IAA contente6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 1.6-folde6
- Comparator
- stressed C-plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e6“The IAA content in stressed ABA + -plants of both species was 1.6-fold higher compared to stressed C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery IAA accumulated in both ABA-primed wheat and spelt plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- recoverye7
- Outcome
- IAAe7
- Direction
- accumulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e7“After recovery, IAA accumulated in both ABA + -plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed ABA-primed T. aestivum had 123.4% higher gibberellic acid content than stressed controls.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 123.4%e1
- Comparator
- C-plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“In stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content was 123.4% and 24.2% higher compared to C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed ABA-primed T. spelta had 24.2% higher gibberellic acid content than stressed controls.
- Taxon
- T. speltaTriticum speltae1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 24.2%e1
- Comparator
- C-plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“In stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content was 123.4% and 24.2% higher compared to C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered ABA-primed plants had higher GA3 content than controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- GA 3 contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- C-plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“In recovered ABA + -plants, GA 3 content was higher than in C-plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed ABA-primed T. aestivum had increased salicylic acid content by 5.5%.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- content of salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“The content of salicylic acid (SA) in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants increased by 5.5% and 62.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed ABA-primed T. spelta had increased salicylic acid content by 62.8%.
- Taxon
- T. speltaTriticum speltae1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- content of salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 62.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“The content of salicylic acid (SA) in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants increased by 5.5% and 62.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery, total cytokinin content in ABA-primed T. aestivum was lower by 43%.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- Total cytokinin (CK) contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 43%e1
- Qualifier
- after recoverye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed Сplants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery, total cytokinin content in ABA-primed T. spelta was lower by 56.8%.
- Taxon
- T. speltaTriticum speltae1
- Treatment
- ABA + -plantse1
- Outcome
- Total cytokinin (CK) contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 56.8%e1
- Qualifier
- after recoverye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed Сplants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA priming of wheat and spelt seeds improved root growth under drought.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltae1
- Treatment
- the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABAe1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Overall, the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABA improved root growth and was associated with changes in the hormonal system of soil drought-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA priming is associated with changes in the hormonal system of drought-stressed wheat and spelt.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltae1
- Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- changes in the hormonal systeme1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Overall, the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABA improved root growth and was associated with changes in the hormonal system of soil drought-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term changes in endogenous phytohormone balance caused by ABA priming are suggested to be related to the formation of the drought stress response.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- ABA priminge1
- Outcome
- formation of drought stress responsee1
- Qualifier
- long-term changes in the balance of endogenous phytohormonese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“The results of the experiment suggest that long-term changes in the balance of endogenous phytohormones caused by the ABA priming are related with the formation of drought stress response”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-primed drought-stressed wheat did not recover the cytokinin level of stressed controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and T. speltaTriticum aestivumTriticum speltat0
- Outcome
- Total cytokinin (CK) contente1
- Qualifier
- did not recover the level of stressede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and T. spelta”
e1“Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed Сplants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.