Abstract
Enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks is a negative emission technology that captures CO 2 from the atmosphere. Olivine (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) is a fast weathering silicate mineral that can be used for EW and is abundant in dunite rock. In addition to CO 2 sequestration, EW also has co-benefits in an agricultural context. Adding silicate minerals to soils can significantly improve crop health and growth as the weathering releases elements such as silicon (Si) that can stimulate crop growth and increase stress resistance, a co-benefit that is becoming increasingly important as global warming proceeds. However, dunite also contains heavy metals, especially nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), potentially limiting its use in an agricultural context. In this study, we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment. We amended the soil with the equivalent of 220 ton ha -1 dunite, using two grain sizes (p 80 = 1020 µm and p 80 = 43.5 µm), under two rainfall regimes (each receiving the same amount of 800 mm water y −1 but at daily versus weekly rainfall frequency). Our results indicate that the amendment of fine dunite increased leaf biomass but only with daily rainfall. Aboveground biomass was significantly reduced with weekly rainfall compared to daily rainfall, but this reduction was slightly alleviated by fine dunite application for wheat. This indicates a positive effect of dunite during drying-rewetting cycles. For barley the negative effect of reduced rainfall frequency was not counterbalanced by dunite application. Contrary to our expectations, calcium (Ca) and Si concentrations in crops decreased with fine dunite application, while, as expected, magnesium (Mg) concentration increased. Coarse dunite application did not significantly affect crop nutrient concentrations, most likely due to its lower weathering rate. In contrast to what was expected, plant Ni and Cr concentrations did not increase with dunite application. Hence, despite high dunite application in our experiment, plants did not accumulate these heavy metals, and only benefited from the released nutrients, albeit dependent on grain size and rainfall frequency.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fine dunite amendment increased leaf biomass only under daily rainfall.
- Taxon
- barley and wheat
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- amendment of fine dunitee2
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- only with daily rainfalle2
- Setting
- mesocosm experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e2“Our results indicate that the amendment of fine dunite increased leaf biomass but only with daily rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground biomass was significantly reduced under weekly rainfall compared with daily rainfall.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- weekly rainfalle3
- Outcome
- Aboveground biomasse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- daily rainfalle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e3“Aboveground biomass was significantly reduced with weekly rainfall compared to daily rainfall, but this reduction was slightly alleviated by fine dunite application for wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine dunite application slightly alleviated the weekly-rainfall reduction in aboveground biomass of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- fine dunite applicatione3
- Outcome
- Aboveground biomasse3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
- Qualifier
- slightlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Aboveground biomass was significantly reduced with weekly rainfall compared to daily rainfall, but this reduction was slightly alleviated by fine dunite application for wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
For barley, dunite application did not counterbalance the negative effect of reduced rainfall frequency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- dunite applicatione4
- Outcome
- the negative effect of reduced rainfall frequencye4
- Direction
- not counterbalancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For barley the negative effect of reduced rainfall frequency was not counterbalanced by dunite application”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine dunite application decreased calcium (Ca) and Si concentrations in crops.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fine dunite applicatione5
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca) and Si concentrationse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- Contrary to our expectationse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e5“Contrary to our expectations, calcium (Ca) and Si concentrations in crops decreased with fine dunite application, while, as expected, magnesium (Mg) concentration increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine dunite application increased magnesium (Mg) concentration in crops, as expected.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fine dunite applicatione5
- Outcome
- magnesium (Mg) concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- as expectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e5“Contrary to our expectations, calcium (Ca) and Si concentrations in crops decreased with fine dunite application, while, as expected, magnesium (Mg) concentration increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Coarse dunite application did not significantly affect crop nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Coarse dunite applicatione6
- Outcome
- crop nutrient concentrationse6
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte6
- Qualifier
- most likely due to its lower weathering ratee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e6“Coarse dunite application did not significantly affect crop nutrient concentrations, most likely due to its lower weathering rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Dunite application did not increase plant Ni and Cr concentrations.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dunite applicatione7
- Outcome
- plant Ni and Cr concentrationse7
- Direction
- did not increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e7“In contrast to what was expected, plant Ni and Cr concentrations did not increase with dunite application”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants benefited from the nutrients released by dunite, dependent on grain size and rainfall frequency.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- benefited from the released nutrientse7
- Qualifier
- albeit dependent on grain size and rainfall frequencye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we investigate the influence of dunite addition on growth of barley and wheat in a mesocosm experiment”
e7“only benefited from the released nutrients, albeit dependent on grain size and rainfall frequency”
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