Abstract
Drought is a prime stress, drastically affecting plant growth, development, and yield. Plants have evolved various physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms to cope with drought. Investigating specific biochemical pathways related to drought tolerance mechanisms of plants through biotechnology approaches is one of the quickest and most effective strategies for enhancing crop production. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the principal post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants during plant growth under biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, five different chickpea genotypes (İnci, Hasan bey, Arda, Seçkin, and Diyar 95) were grown under normal and drought stress. We recorded the expression levels of microRNAs in these genotypes and found differential expression (miRNA396, miR408, miRNA414, miRNA528, and miRNA1533) under contrasting conditions. Results revealed that miRNA414 and miRNA528 considerably increased in all genotypes under drought stress, and expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seçkin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions. These genotypes were also investigated for heavy metal, phenolic acid, protein, and nitrogen concentrations under normal and drought stress conditions. The Arda genotype showed a significant increase in nitrogen (5.46%) and protein contents (28.3%), while protein contents were decreased in the Hasan bey and Seçkin genotypes subjected to drought stress. In the case of metals, iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions. Interestingly, these results were related to miRNA expression in the chickpea genotypes and hint at the regulation of multiple pathways under drought conditions. Overall, the present study will help us to understand the miRNA-mediated regulation of various pathways in chickpea genotypes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
miRNA414 increased in all chickpea genotypes under drought.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- miRNA414e0
- Outcome
- miRNA414e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- watered conditionst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miRNA414 and miRNA528 considerably increased in all genotypes under drought stress”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
miRNA528 increased in all chickpea genotypes under drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- miRNA528e0
- Outcome
- miRNA528e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- watered conditionst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miRNA414 and miRNA528 considerably increased in all genotypes under drought stress”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
miRNA418 expression was higher under watered conditions.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Gene
- miRNA418e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of miRNA418e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- watered conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seçkin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
miRNA1533 expression was higher under watered conditions.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Gene
- miRNA1533e0
- Outcome
- miRNA1533e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- watered conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seçkin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
miRNA396 expression was higher under watered conditions except in Seçkin.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Seçkin genotypee0
- Gene
- miRNA396e0
- Outcome
- miRNA396e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- watered conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seçkin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Arda nitrogen content increased significantly by 5.46% under drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Arda genotypee0
- Treatment
- drought stresst1
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5.46%e0
- Comparator
- normalt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arda genotype showed a significant increase in nitrogen (5.46%) and protein contents (28.3%)”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“normal and drought stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Arda protein content increased significantly by 28.3% under drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Arda genotypee0
- Treatment
- drought stresst1
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 28.3%e0
- Comparator
- normalt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arda genotype showed a significant increase in nitrogen (5.46%) and protein contents (28.3%)”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“normal and drought stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Hasan bey protein content decreased under drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Hasan beye0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normalt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein contents were decreased in the Hasan bey and Seçkin genotypes subjected to drought stress.”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“normal and drought stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Seçkin protein content decreased under drought.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Seçkine0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normalt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein contents were decreased in the Hasan bey and Seçkin genotypes subjected to drought stress.”
t0“Chickpea”
t1“normal and drought stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was the most abundant metal in İnci at 15.4 ppm under normal conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was the most abundant metal in Hasan bey at 29.6 ppm.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Hasan beye0
- Outcome
- irone0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Value
- 29.6 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was the most abundant metal in Seçkin at 37.8 ppm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was the most abundant metal in Arda at 26.3 ppm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron was the most abundant metal in Diyar 95 at 40.8 ppm.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Diyar 95e0
- Outcome
- irone0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Value
- 40.8 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions.”
t0“Chickpea”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.