Abstract
Despite growing interest in controlled-release N fertilizers (CRNFs) because of their potential for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and economic returns, their comprehensive impact on machine-transplanted rice remains to be understudied. To address this gap, here, we present a two-year field experiment that assessed the impact of CRNF using mechanical deep placement fertilization (DPF) on rice cultivation. The study involved three CRNF types (bulk blending fertilizer (BBF), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and sulfur-coated urea (SCU)) and two fertilization methods (DPF and broadcast application), with a high-yield split fertilization of urea as a control (CK). The results showed that DPF, especially with SCU, greatly enhanced soil NH4+-N concentrations, NUE, rice yield, and economic benefits compared to broadcast application. BBF consistently exhibited superior NUE and notable economic benefits, regardless of the application method used. Conversely, single-time application of PCU was less favorable for rice growth. In conclusion, for optimal economic benefits and NUE, DPF combined with single-time application of SCU is recommended. However, if deep application is not feasible and only broadcasting is possible in rice cultivation, BBF emerges as the ideal choice for both high NUE and significant economic returns. This research offers insights for improved nitrogen management in machine-transplanted rice, effectively optimizing yield, NUE, and profitability.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement fertilization, especially with sulfur-coated urea, greatly enhanced soil NH4+-N concentrations compared with broadcast application in machine-transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- DPFe0
- Outcome
- soil NH4+-N concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- especially with SCUe0
- Comparator
- broadcast applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transplanted Rice”
e0“DPF, especially with SCU, greatly enhanced soil NH4+-N concentrations, NUE, rice yield, and economic benefits compared to broadcast application”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement fertilization, especially with sulfur-coated urea, greatly enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, rice yield and economic benefits compared with broadcast application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPFe0
- Outcome
- NUE, rice yield, and economic benefitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- especially with SCUe0
- Comparator
- broadcast applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transplanted Rice”
e0“DPF, especially with SCU, greatly enhanced soil NH4+-N concentrations, NUE, rice yield, and economic benefits compared to broadcast application”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk blending fertilizer consistently gave superior nitrogen use efficiency and notable economic benefits regardless of application method.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BBFe0
- Outcome
- NUE and notable economic benefitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the application method usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transplanted Rice”
e0“BBF consistently exhibited superior NUE and notable economic benefits, regardless of the application method used”
Claim · model-written summary
Single-time application of polymer-coated urea was less favorable for rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of PCUe0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- less favorablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of PCU was less favorable for rice growth”
Claim · model-written summary
For optimal economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency, deep placement fertilization combined with single-time application of sulfur-coated urea is recommended.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPF combined with single-time application of SCUe0
- Outcome
- optimal economic benefits and NUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Transplanted Rice”
e0“for optimal economic benefits and NUE, DPF combined with single-time application of SCU is recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
If deep application is not feasible and only broadcasting is possible in rice cultivation, bulk blending fertilizer is the ideal choice for high nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- BBFe0
- Outcome
- high NUE and significant economic returnse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if deep application is not feasible and only broadcasting is possible in rice cultivation, BBF emerges as the ideal choice for both high NUE and significant economic returns”
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