Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important oilseed crop in central India. Climate change may have a positive or negative impact on crop-weed competition. Hence, an experiment was conducted in open-top chambers (OTC) to study the effect of ambient (A), elevated CO2 (EC), elevated temperature (ET) and elevated CO2+ elevated temperature (EC+ET). EC, ET and EC+ET have a significant encouraging effect on overall growth and yield attributes of weeds and soybean crop. The increase in the biomass of soybean at EC, ET and EC+ET ranged from 21-60% as compared to the ambient conditions. The biomass of Echinochloa colona (10-65%) and Ischaemum rugosum (16-37%) was found to be increased under EC, ET and EC+ET. EC and ET had a positive impact on plant height and leaf area of soybean, E. colona and I. rugosum. The seed yield of soybean was observed to be significantly higher at EC (13%) and EC+ET (46%), however at ET no significant increment over ambient was observed. A higher number of pods and nodules per plant were observed at EC and EC+ET. In the presence of E. colona and I. rugosum, the soybean yield was significantly reduced by 27, 59, 45 and 52% at A, EC, ET and EC+ET conditions, respectively as compared to the weed-free condition. The findings of the present study indicate that C4 weeds may become more competitive with C3 crops, thereby emphasizing the necessity of conducting future studies on C3 and C4 crop-weed competition under changing climatic conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean biomass rose 21-60% under EC, ET and EC+ET versus ambient.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- EC, ET and EC+ETe0
- Outcome
- biomass of soybeane0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21-60%e0
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the biomass of soybean at EC, ET and EC+ET ranged from 21-60% as compared to the ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa colona biomass increased 10-65% under EC, ET and EC+ET.
- Treatment
- EC, ET and EC+ETe0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colonae0weed - Outcome
- biomass of Echinochloa colonae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10-65%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of Echinochloa colona (10-65%) and Ischaemum rugosum (16-37%) was found to be increased under EC, ET and EC+ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Ischaemum rugosum biomass increased 16-37% under EC, ET and EC+ET.
- Treatment
- EC, ET and EC+ETe0
- Interactor
- Ischaemum rugosum
Ischaemum rugosume0weed - Outcome
- Ischaemum rugosume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16-37%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of Echinochloa colona (10-65%) and Ischaemum rugosum (16-37%) was found to be increased under EC, ET and EC+ET”
Claim · model-written summary
EC and ET increased soybean height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- EC and ETe0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EC and ET had a positive impact on plant height and leaf area of soybean, E. colona and I. rugosum”
Claim · model-written summary
EC and ET increased E. colona height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- EC and ETe0
- Interactor
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0weed
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EC and ET had a positive impact on plant height and leaf area of soybean, E. colona and I. rugosum”
Claim · model-written summary
EC and ET increased I. rugosum height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- EC and ETe0
- Interactor
- I. rugosumIschaemum rugosume0weed
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EC and ET had a positive impact on plant height and leaf area of soybean, E. colona and I. rugosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield was 13% higher under EC.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield of soybean was observed to be significantly higher at EC (13%) and EC+ET (46%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield was 46% higher under EC+ET.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield of soybean was observed to be significantly higher at EC (13%) and EC+ET (46%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield did not increase significantly under ET versus ambient.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“however at ET no significant increment over ambient was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
EC produced more soybean pods and nodules per plant.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A higher number of pods and nodules per plant were observed at EC and EC+ET”
Claim · model-written summary
EC+ET produced more soybean pods and nodules per plant.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A higher number of pods and nodules per plant were observed at EC and EC+ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced soybean yield by 27% under ambient conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- presence of E. colona and I. rugosume0
- Interactor
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0weed
- Second interactor
- I. rugosumIschaemum rugosume0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27e0
- Qualifier
- Ae0
- Comparator
- weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of E. colona and I. rugosum, the soybean yield was significantly reduced by 27, 59, 45 and 52% at A, EC, ET and EC+ET conditions, respectively as compared to the weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced soybean yield by 59% under EC.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- presence of E. colona and I. rugosume0
- Interactor
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0weed
- Second interactor
- I. rugosumIschaemum rugosume0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59e0
- Qualifier
- ECe0
- Comparator
- weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of E. colona and I. rugosum, the soybean yield was significantly reduced by 27, 59, 45 and 52% at A, EC, ET and EC+ET conditions, respectively as compared to the weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced soybean yield by 45% under ET.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- presence of E. colona and I. rugosume0
- Interactor
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0weed
- Second interactor
- I. rugosumIschaemum rugosume0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 45e0
- Qualifier
- ETe0
- Comparator
- weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of E. colona and I. rugosum, the soybean yield was significantly reduced by 27, 59, 45 and 52% at A, EC, ET and EC+ET conditions, respectively as compared to the weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced soybean yield by 52% under EC+ET.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- presence of E. colona and I. rugosume0
- Interactor
- E. colonaEchinochloa colonae0weed
- Second interactor
- I. rugosumIschaemum rugosume0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Qualifier
- EC+ETe0
- Comparator
- weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of E. colona and I. rugosum, the soybean yield was significantly reduced by 27, 59, 45 and 52% at A, EC, ET and EC+ET conditions, respectively as compared to the weed-free condition”
The same questions in other papers
heat · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →heat · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →heat · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
co2 · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →co2 · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
85 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
92 papers more in this group
See all 96 papers →co2 · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
97 papers more in this group
See all 101 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.