Abstract
Background Maize is sensitive to salt stress, especially during the germination and seedling stages. Methods We conducted germination experiments on 60 maize materials under salt stress, and screened out the most salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties based on germination indicators. Afterwards, transcriptome analysis was performed to screen for key regulators in the plumule and flag leaf at the germination and seedling stages, respectively. Following that, transgenic tobacco was developed to expose the roles and mechanisms of the candidate genes, enabling a deeper investigation of their functions. Results Out of the 60 inbred lines of maize, “975-12” exhibits the highest level of salt tolerance, while “GEMS64” displays the lowest. The application of salt stress resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in both “975-12” and “GEMS64”. ABA signal transduction and jasmonic acid pathways were the pathways that mainly affected by salt stress. In addition, a significant finding has been made indicating that when exposed to high levels of salt stress, the expression of ZmHSP90 in ‘975-12’ increased while in ‘GEMS64’ decreased. Furthermore, in tobacco plants overexpressing ZmHSP90 , there was an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity associated with salt tolerance. ZmHSP90 enhanced the expression levels of NtSOS1 , NtHKT1 , and NtNHX1 as compared to those in the salt treatment, causing the maintenance of Na + and K + homeostasis, suggesting that high expression of ZmHSP90 was conducive to regulate Na + transporters to maintain K + /Na + balanced in tobacco.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Among 60 maize inbred lines, 975-12 showed the highest salt tolerance.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Out of the 60 inbred lines of maize, “975-12” exhibits the highest level of salt tolerance, while “GEMS64” displays the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Among 60 maize inbred lines, GEMS64 showed the lowest salt tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Out of the 60 inbred lines of maize, “975-12” exhibits the highest level of salt tolerance, while “GEMS64” displays the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased antioxidant enzyme levels in both 975-12 and GEMS64.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“The application of salt stress resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in both “975-12” and “GEMS64””
Claim · model-written summary
ABA signal transduction and jasmonic acid pathways were the pathways mainly affected by salt stress.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“ABA signal transduction and jasmonic acid pathways were the pathways that mainly affected by salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salt stress, ZmHSP90 expression increased in the tolerant line 975-12.
- Material
- 975-12e1
- Treatment
- high levels of salt stresse1
- Gene
- ZmHSP90e1
- Outcome
- expression of ZmHSP90e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“when exposed to high levels of salt stress, the expression of ZmHSP90 in ‘975-12’ increased while in ‘GEMS64’ decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salt stress, ZmHSP90 expression decreased in the sensitive line GEMS64.
- Material
- GEMS64e1
- Treatment
- high levels of salt stresse1
- Gene
- ZmHSP90e1
- Outcome
- expression of ZmHSP90e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e1“when exposed to high levels of salt stress, the expression of ZmHSP90 in ‘975-12’ increased while in ‘GEMS64’ decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco plants overexpressing ZmHSP90 showed increased antioxidant enzyme activity associated with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Treatment
- overexpressing ZmHSP90e1
- Gene
- ZmHSP90e1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in tobacco plants overexpressing ZmHSP90 , there was an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity associated with salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmHSP90 enhanced expression of NtSOS1, NtHKT1 and NtNHX1 in tobacco compared with the salt treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- overexpressing ZmHSP90e1
- Gene
- NtSOS1 , NtHKT1 , and NtNHX1e2
- Outcome
- expression levelse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- salt treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“tobacco plants overexpressing ZmHSP90”
e2“ZmHSP90 enhanced the expression levels of NtSOS1 , NtHKT1 , and NtNHX1 as compared to those in the salt treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest high ZmHSP90 expression helped regulate Na+ transporters to keep K+/Na+ balanced in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- ZmHSP90e1
- Outcome
- K + /Na + balancede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“suggesting that high expression of ZmHSP90 was conducive to regulate Na + transporters to maintain K + /Na + balanced in tobacco”
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