Abstract
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation of grains activated the antioxidant system and wheat seedlings’ resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew disease under greenhouse conditions. Two wheat cultivars (Gemmeiza-12 and Sids-1) with dry and germinated grains were treated with UV-C at three exposure times (5, 10, and 15 minutes). The results indicated that the percentages of disease severity and infection type for leaf rust and powdery mildew on wheat seedlings were significantly reduced when exposed to UVC at all exposure times compared to the untreated control. The most effective treatments for both cultivars were obtained in seedlings grown from germinated grains treated with UV-C for 10 minutes. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation treatments improved plant resistance to infection by activating certain defense genes, thereby increasing the production of resistance compounds that support defense mechanisms against pathogens. Our results demonstrated that UV-C for 10 minutes can induce resistance in wheat seedlings while also increasing total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase activity. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in seedlings growing from germinated grains treated with UV-C for 10 minutes, as compared to both infected and uninfected controls. These findings demonstrate the potential for additional UV-C radiation treatments to enhance disease resistance.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C activated the wheat seedling antioxidant system under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation of grainse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation of grains activated the antioxidant system and wheat seedlings’ resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew disease under greenhouse conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C significantly reduced leaf rust severity and infection type at all exposure times versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- UVCe0
- Outcome
- percentages of disease severity and infection typee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- leaf ruste0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the percentages of disease severity and infection type for leaf rust and powdery mildew on wheat seedlings were significantly reduced when exposed to UVC at all exposure times compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C significantly reduced powdery mildew severity and infection type at all exposure times versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- UVCe0
- Outcome
- percentages of disease severity and infection typee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- powdery mildewe0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the percentages of disease severity and infection type for leaf rust and powdery mildew on wheat seedlings were significantly reduced when exposed to UVC at all exposure times compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-minute UV-C treatment of germinated grains was most effective in Gemmeiza-12.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmeiza-12e1
- Organ / stage
- germinated grainse0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 10 minutese0
- Outcome
- most effective treatmentse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective treatments for both cultivars were obtained in seedlings grown from germinated grains treated with UV-C for 10 minutes.”
e1“Two wheat cultivars (Gemmeiza-12 and Sids-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-minute UV-C treatment of germinated grains was most effective in Sids-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sids-1e1
- Organ / stage
- germinated grainse0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 10 minutese0
- Outcome
- most effective treatmentse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective treatments for both cultivars were obtained in seedlings grown from germinated grains treated with UV-C for 10 minutes.”
e1“Two wheat cultivars (Gemmeiza-12 and Sids-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C improves resistance by activating defense genes and increasing resistance compounds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- UV-C irradiation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant resistance to infectione0
- Qualifier
- activating certain defense genes, thereby increasing the production of resistance compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-C irradiation treatments improved plant resistance to infection by activating certain defense genes, thereby increasing the production of resistance compounds that support defense mechanisms against pathogens.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-minute UV-C increased total chlorophyll and total phenolic compounds in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 10 minutese0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, total phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results demonstrated that UV-C for 10 minutes can induce resistance in wheat seedlings while also increasing total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-minute UV-C increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activity in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 10 minutese0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results demonstrated that UV-C for 10 minutes can induce resistance in wheat seedlings while also increasing total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-minute UV-C on germinated grains significantly increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA versus infected and uninfected controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- UV-C for 10 minutese0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee0
- Outcome
- mRNA expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- infected and uninfected controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in seedlings growing from germinated grains treated with UV-C for 10 minutes, as compared to both infected and uninfected controls.”
t0“wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.