Abstract
TO explore the influence of varied nitrogen rates and foliar spraying of natural stimulants on vegetative growth, yield, and onion quality. This experiment was carried out over the two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to investigate nitrogen fertilizer at rates: 144, 216, and 288 kg N ha-1 and natural stimulant treatments (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, and seaweed extract). The results clearly demonstrated that raising the nitrogen rate from 144 to 288 kg N ha-1 significantly enhanced the leaves number of plant-1, fresh weight of plant, average weight of bulb, marketable bulb yield, double bulbs, bulbs diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein content. Foliar spraying with natural stimulators (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract) significantly increased plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plant, neck, and bulbs diameter, bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein, during both seasons. The nitrogen at rate of 288 kg N ha-1 combined with amino acids spraying appeared the highest mean values of average bulb weight during the 1st season and marketable yield during the two seasons. The highest value of dry matter was achieved by fertilizing by 216 kg N ha-1 when spraying with fulvic acids during both seasons.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen from 144 to 288 kg N ha-1 increased onion growth traits.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- 288 kg N ha-1e0
- Outcome
- leaves number of plant-1, fresh weight of plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- 144e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raising the nitrogen rate from 144 to 288 kg N ha-1 significantly enhanced the leaves number of plant-1, fresh weight of plant, average weight of bulb, marketable bulb yield, double bulbs, bulbs diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein content”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen increased bulb weight, marketable yield, double bulbs and diameter.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 288 kg N ha-1e0
- Outcome
- average weight of bulb, marketable bulb yield, double bulbs, bulbs diametere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- 144e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raising the nitrogen rate from 144 to 288 kg N ha-1 significantly enhanced the leaves number of plant-1, fresh weight of plant, average weight of bulb, marketable bulb yield, double bulbs, bulbs diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein content”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen increased onion bulb quality and nutrient content.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 288 kg N ha-1e0
- Outcome
- TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- 144e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raising the nitrogen rate from 144 to 288 kg N ha-1 significantly enhanced the leaves number of plant-1, fresh weight of plant, average weight of bulb, marketable bulb yield, double bulbs, bulbs diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein content”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural stimulant sprays increased onion growth traits in both seasons.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with natural stimulatorse0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with natural stimulators (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract) significantly increased plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plant, neck, and bulbs diameter, bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein, during both seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural stimulant sprays increased onion bulb and yield traits.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with natural stimulatorse0
- Outcome
- bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with natural stimulators (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract) significantly increased plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plant, neck, and bulbs diameter, bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein, during both seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural stimulant sprays increased culls, double bulbs and bulb diameter.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with natural stimulatorse0
- Outcome
- culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with natural stimulators (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract) significantly increased plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plant, neck, and bulbs diameter, bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein, during both seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural stimulant sprays increased onion quality and nutrient content.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with natural stimulatorse0
- Outcome
- TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with natural stimulators (yeast extract, fulvic acid, amino acids, seaweed extract) significantly increased plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh weight of plant, neck, and bulbs diameter, bulbing ratio, average bulb weight, marketable bulb yield, culls bulb yield, double bulbs, bulb diameter, TSS, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrate, and protein, during both seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
The 288 kg N ha-1 and amino acids combination had the highest first-season bulb weight.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 288 kg N ha-1 combined with amino acids sprayinge0
- Outcome
- average bulb weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during the 1st seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen at rate of 288 kg N ha-1 combined with amino acids spraying appeared the highest mean values of average bulb weight during the 1st season and marketable yield during the two seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
The 288 kg N ha-1 and amino acids combination had the highest marketable yield across both seasons.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 288 kg N ha-1 combined with amino acids sprayinge0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during the two seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen at rate of 288 kg N ha-1 combined with amino acids spraying appeared the highest mean values of average bulb weight during the 1st season and marketable yield during the two seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
Claim · model-written summary
The 216 kg N ha-1 and fulvic acid combination gave the highest dry matter in both seasons.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 216 kg N ha-1 when spraying with fulvic acidse0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of dry matter was achieved by fertilizing by 216 kg N ha-1 when spraying with fulvic acids during both seasons”
t0“Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Quality of Onion as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Natural Stimulators”
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