Abstract
Several biotic and abiotic variables limit the maize yield in Africa. The fall armyworm (FAW), a new invasive pest in Africa, and particularly in Cameroon, has exacerbated the problem. This study was done to demonstrate the fall armyworm control on maize in an intercrop system with legumes, and the locally made organic Allium (garlic) emulsion. In this study, a field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments (control, insecticide, Allium (garlic), maize dwarf-bean, maize-dwarf bean insecticide, maize-dwarf bean Allium (garlic), maize-cowpea, maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea Allium (garlic) and three replicates. Maize vegetative data (plant height, stem girth, and number of leaves) were collected, as well as pest occurrence and severity (fall armyworm) and maize yield. The best outcomes for the fall armyworm control in this study came from maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea), in combination with either synthetic insecticides or the locally made organic garlic emulsion. Control had the most damaged plants for FAW (14) and the number of damaged plants differed significantly (P< 0.05) across treatments. The highest number of FAW (4 FAW) were found in the control, which differed significantly (P<0.05) across treatments. The maize grain yield ranged from 2.1 tha-1 to 5.7 tha-1 and differed significantly across treatments (P<0.05), with the highest yields (5.7 tha-1) in the maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea garlic treatments, and the lowest yields (2.1 tha-1) in the control. Conclusively, the maize intercrop with legumes and the locally made organic Allium (garlic) emulsion served as sustainable alternative to the synthetic pesticide that effectively controlled FAW without jeopardizing environmental sustainability and increased maize yield. Keywords: Allium (garlic) botanical, pest incidence, pest severity, fall armyworm (FAW), yield, maize, intercropping.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropped with legumes and treated with insecticide gave among the best fall armyworm control.
- Treatment
- maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea), in combination with either synthetic insecticidese0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
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Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- fall armyworm controle0
- Direction
- beste0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The best outcomes for the fall armyworm control in this study came from maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea), in combination with either synthetic insecticides or the locally made organic garlic emulsion”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropped with legumes and treated with garlic emulsion gave among the best fall armyworm control.
- Treatment
- maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea)e0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- fall armyworm controle0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best outcomes for the fall armyworm control in this study came from maize intercropped with legumes (dwarf bean and cowpea), in combination with either synthetic insecticides or the locally made organic garlic emulsion”
Claim · model-written summary
The control had 14 fall armyworm damaged plants, significantly differing across treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Maize”
e0“Control had the most damaged plants for FAW (14) and the number of damaged plants differed significantly (P< 0.05) across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The control had the highest fall armyworm count, four, with significant treatment differences.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Maize”
e0“The highest number of FAW (4 FAW) were found in the control, which differed significantly (P<0.05) across treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize-cowpea insecticide treatment yielded 5.7 tha-1, among the highest.
- Treatment
- maize-cowpea insecticidee0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.7 tha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize grain yield ranged from 2.1 tha-1 to 5.7 tha-1 and differed significantly across treatments (P<0.05), with the highest yields (5.7 tha-1) in the maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea garlic treatments, and the lowest yields (2.1 tha-1) in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize-cowpea garlic treatment yielded 5.7 tha-1, among the highest.
- Treatment
- maize-cowpea garlice0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.7 tha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize grain yield ranged from 2.1 tha-1 to 5.7 tha-1 and differed significantly across treatments (P<0.05), with the highest yields (5.7 tha-1) in the maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea garlic treatments, and the lowest yields (2.1 tha-1) in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Control maize had the lowest grain yield, 2.1 tha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize grain yield ranged from 2.1 tha-1 to 5.7 tha-1 and differed significantly across treatments (P<0.05), with the highest yields (5.7 tha-1) in the maize-cowpea insecticide and maize-cowpea garlic treatments, and the lowest yields (2.1 tha-1) in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend legume intercrops and garlic emulsion as sustainable pest control that increases maize yield.
- Outcome
- sustainable alternative to the synthetic pesticidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maize intercrop with legumes and the locally made organic Allium (garlic) emulsion served as sustainable alternative to the synthetic pesticide that effectively controlled FAW without jeopardizing environmental sustainability and increased maize yield”
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