Abstract
Abstract Intercropping is a widely recognised technique that contributes to agricultural sustainability. While intercropping leguminous green manure offers advantages for soil health and tea plants growth, the impact on the accumulation of theanine and soil nitrogen cycle are largely unknown. The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively. Additionally, intercropping significantly increased soil amino acidnitrogen content, enhanced extracellular enzyme activities, particularly β‐glucosidase and N ‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase, as well as soil multifunctionality. Metagenomics analysis revealed that intercropping positively influenced the relative abundances of several potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Burkholderia , Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderia . Intercropping resulted in lower expression levels of nitrification genes, reducing soil mineral nitrogen loss and N 2 O emissions. The expression of nrfA/H significantly increased in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation. Structural equation model analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of theanine in tea leaves was directly influenced by the number of intercropping leguminous green manure species, soil ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen. In summary, the intercropping strategy, particularly intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation, could be a novel way for theanine accumulation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Theanine in tea leaves increased by 52.87% under intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotatione0
- Outcome
- theaninee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Theanine in tea leaves increased by 40.98% under intercropping with soybean alone.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- soybean alonee0
- Outcome
- theaninee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40.98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Epigallocatechin gallate in tea leaves increased by 22.80% under intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotatione0
- Outcome
- epigallocatechin gallatee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Epigallocatechin gallate in tea leaves increased by 6.17% under intercropping with soybean alone.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- soybean alonee0
- Outcome
- epigallocatechin gallatee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 22.22% under intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotatione0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 29.04% under intercropping with soybean alone.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Organ / stage
- tea leavese0
- Treatment
- soybean alonee0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.04%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased soil amino acid nitrogen content in the tea plantation.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- soil amino acidnitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“Additionally, intercropping significantly increased soil amino acidnitrogen content, enhanced extracellular enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping enhanced soil extracellular enzyme activities, particularly beta-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“Additionally, intercropping significantly increased soil amino acidnitrogen content, enhanced extracellular enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping enhanced soil multifunctionality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“Additionally, intercropping significantly increased”
e1“as well as soil multifunctionality”
Claim · model-written summary
Metagenomics showed that intercropping positively influenced the relative abundances of potentially beneficial microorganisms such as Burkholderia, Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderia.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- relative abundancese0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
- Qualifier
- including Burkholderia , Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderiae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“Metagenomics analysis revealed that intercropping positively influenced the relative abundances of several potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Burkholderia , Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderia”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered the expression levels of nitrification genes, reducing soil mineral nitrogen loss and N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Gene
- nitrification genese0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“Intercropping resulted in lower expression levels of nitrification genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of nrfA/H increased significantly under intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation.
- Taxon
- tea plantt0
- Treatment
- intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotatione0
- Gene
- nrfA/He0
- Outcome
- expression of nrfA/He0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“The expression of nrfA/H significantly increased in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Structural equation modelling indicated that theanine accumulation in tea leaves was directly influenced by the number of intercropped green manure species, soil ammonium nitrogen and soil amino acid nitrogen.
Verbatim
t0“tea plant”
e0“the accumulation of theanine in tea leaves was directly influenced by the number of intercropping leguminous green manure species, soil ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation could be a novel way to increase theanine accumulation in tea.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the intercropping strategy, particularly intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation, could be a novel way for theanine accumulation”
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