Abstract
A study was carried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, representing the foothills (Tarai) region of Uttarakhand, India, to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management on growth productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental site was silty clay loam having soil pH 7.21, organic carbon 0.68% and 242.42, 22.56 and 240.32 kg/ ha available N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. The results indicated that the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content but subsoiling (SS) gave higher leaf-area index (LAI) followed by minimum tillage (MT) and PRBS. Similarly, significantly higher crop-growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded under PRBS and FIRBS but leaf-area rtio (LAR) was higher under SS followed by conven tional tillage (CT). The yield attributes like effective tillers and grains/ear were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS. These resulted in ~9.5 and 16% higher grain yield of wheat than CT and MT respectively. The harvest in dex (HI), partial factor productivity (PFP) and nutrient harvest index (NHI) were significantly higher under FIRBS and PRBS tillage systems. Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear. The grain yield of wheat was 11.7 and 48.6% higher than SSNM and 50% RDF respectively. The HI, PFP and NHI were found significantly higher at 50% RDF followed by site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). Thus, wheat planted either on PRBS or FIRBS with application of recommended dose of fertilizers 150 kg N+26.4 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha may be used for higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency of wheat in tarai region of Uttrakhand and also be replicated in similar agro-ecology of India
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat on PRBS and FIRBS had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS)e1
- Outcome
- plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling gave higher leaf-area index in wheat than minimum tillage and PRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- subsoiling (SS)e2
- Outcome
- leaf-area index (LAI)e2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- minimum tillage (MT) and PRBSe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e2“subsoiling (SS) gave higher leaf-area index (LAI) followed by minimum tillage (MT) and PRBS”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop-growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of wheat were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PRBS and FIRBSe3
- Outcome
- crop-growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR)e3
- Direction
- highere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e3“significantly higher crop-growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded under PRBS and FIRBS”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-area ratio of wheat was higher under subsoiling than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SSe4
- Outcome
- leaf-area rtio (LAR)e4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- conven tional tillage (CT)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e4“leaf-area rtio (LAR) was higher under SS followed by conven tional tillage (CT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective tillers and grains per ear of wheat were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PRBS and FIRBSe5
- Outcome
- effective tillers and grains/eare5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e5“The yield attributes like effective tillers and grains/ear were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of wheat was about 9.5% higher than under conventional tillage in PRBS and FIRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- PRBS and FIRBSe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- ~9.5e6
- Comparator
- CTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The yield attributes like effective tillers and grains/ear were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS”
e6“These resulted in ~9.5 and 16% higher grain yield of wheat than CT and MT respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of wheat was 16% higher than under minimum tillage in PRBS and FIRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- PRBS and FIRBSe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 16%e6
- Comparator
- MTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The yield attributes like effective tillers and grains/ear were significantly higher under PRBS and FIRBS”
e6“These resulted in ~9.5 and 16% higher grain yield of wheat than CT and MT respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index, partial factor productivity and nutrient harvest index were significantly higher under FIRBS and PRBS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- FIRBS and PRBSe7
- Outcome
- (HI), partial factor productivity (PFP) and nutrient harvest index (NHI)e7
- Direction
- highere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e7“The harvest in dex (HI), partial factor productivity (PFP) and nutrient harvest index (NHI) were significantly higher under FIRBS and PRBS tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended dose of fertilizer gave greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation and chlorophyll content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e2
- Outcome
- plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- greatere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e2“Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended dose of fertilizer gave greater LAI, CGR and LAR in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e2
- Outcome
- LAI, CGR, LARe2
- Direction
- greatere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e2“Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended dose of fertilizer gave greater effective tillers and grains per ear in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e2
- Outcome
- effective tillers, grains/eare2
- Direction
- greatere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e2“Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of wheat under recommended dose of fertilizer was 11.7% higher than under SSNM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 11.7e3
- Comparator
- SSNMe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear”
e3“The grain yield of wheat was 11.7 and 48.6% higher than SSNM and 50% RDF respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of wheat under recommended dose of fertilizer was 48.6% higher than under 50% RDF.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 48.6%e3
- Comparator
- 50% RDFe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Among the nutrient management, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) had greater plant height, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, LAI, CGR, LAR, effective tillers, grains/ear”
e3“The grain yield of wheat was 11.7 and 48.6% higher than SSNM and 50% RDF respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index, PFP and nutrient harvest index were significantly higher at 50% RDF than under SSNM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 50% RDFe4
- Outcome
- HI, PFP and NHIe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the wheat planted on permanent raised bed system (PRBS) and furrow-irrigated raised bud system (FIRBS) had higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content”
e4“The HI, PFP and NHI were found significantly higher at 50% RDF followed by site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat planted on PRBS or FIRBS with 150 kg N+26.4 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha may be used for higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- recommended dose of fertilizers 150 kg N+26.4 kg P + 33.3 kg K/hae5
- Outcome
- higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiencye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“wheat planted either on PRBS or FIRBS with application of recommended dose of fertilizers 150 kg N+26.4 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha may be used for higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency of wheat”
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