Abstract
Tea plants are more sensitive to variations in calcium concentration compared to other plants, whereas a moderate aluminum concentration facilitates the growth and development of tea plants. Aluminum and calcium show a competitive interaction with respect to the uptake of elements, consequently exerting physiological effects on plants. To further explore these interactions, in this study, we used the solution culture method to treat tea plants with two calcium concentrations (0.8 mM and 5.6 mM) and three aluminum concentrations (0 mM, 0.4 mM, and 1 mM). We then determined the influence of the combined treatments on root growth and quality compound accumulation in the tissues by a combination of phenotype, gene expression, and metabolite analyses. Moderate aluminum supplementation (0.4 mM) alleviated the inhibition of root growth caused by high calcium stress. High calcium stress significantly inhibited the accumulation of most amino acids (e.g., Glutamic acid, Citulline, and Arginine) and organic acids (e.g., a-ketoglutaric acid) in the roots, stems, and leaves, whereas aluminum deficiency significantly increased most amino acids in the roots and leaves (except Serine, Alanine, and Phenylalanine in the roots and Ser in the leaves), with a more than two-fold increase in Arg and Lysine. High calcium stress also induced the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as epigallocatechin gallate and procyanidin in the roots, whereas aluminum supplementation significantly reduced the contents of flavonol glycosides such as quercetin, rutin, myricitrin, and kaempferitrin, as well as caffeine, regardless of calcium concentration. Aluminum supplementation reversed some of the changes in the contents of leaf metabolites induced by calcium stress (e.g., 4-dihydroquercetin, apigenin C-pentoside, phenethylamine, and caffeine). Overall, calcium stress caused severe growth inhibition and metabolic disorders in tea plants, which could be reversed by aluminum supplementation, particularly in maintaining the root tips and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving calcium-aluminum nutrient management to promote tea plant growth and quality.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate aluminum supplementation alleviated the inhibition of root growth caused by high calcium stress
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e1“Moderate aluminum supplementation (0.4 mM) alleviated the inhibition of root growth caused by high calcium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium stress significantly inhibited accumulation of most amino acids in roots, stems and leaves
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Organ / stage
- roots, stems, and leavese2
- Treatment
- High calcium stresse2
- Outcome
- most amino acidse2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- e.g., Glutamic acid, Citulline, and Argininee2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e2“High calcium stress significantly inhibited the accumulation of most amino acids (e.g., Glutamic acid, Citulline, and Arginine) and organic acids (e.g., a-ketoglutaric acid) in the roots, stems, and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium stress significantly inhibited accumulation of organic acids in roots, stems and leaves
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Organ / stage
- roots, stems, and leavese2
- Treatment
- High calcium stresse2
- Outcome
- organic acidse2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- e.g., a-ketoglutaric acide2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e2“High calcium stress significantly inhibited the accumulation of most amino acids (e.g., Glutamic acid, Citulline, and Arginine) and organic acids (e.g., a-ketoglutaric acid) in the roots, stems, and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum deficiency significantly increased most amino acids in roots and leaves
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese3
- Treatment
- aluminum deficiencye3
- Outcome
- most amino acidse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e3“aluminum deficiency significantly increased most amino acids in the roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum deficiency increased arginine and lysine more than two-fold
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Treatment
- aluminum deficiencye3
- Outcome
- Arg and Lysinee4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- more than two-folde4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e3“aluminum deficiency significantly increased most amino acids in the roots and leaves”
e4“with a more than two-fold increase in Arg and Lysine”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium stress induced accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- High calcium stresse5
- Outcome
- accumulation of secondary metabolitese5
- Direction
- inducede5
- Qualifier
- such as epigallocatechin gallate and procyanidine5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e5“High calcium stress also induced the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as epigallocatechin gallate and procyanidin in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum supplementation significantly reduced flavonol glycosides and caffeine regardless of calcium concentration
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Treatment
- aluminum supplementatione6
- Outcome
- contents of flavonol glycosidese6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- such as quercetin, rutin, myricitrin, and kaempferitrin, as well as caffeinee6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e6“aluminum supplementation significantly reduced the contents of flavonol glycosides such as quercetin, rutin, myricitrin, and kaempferitrin, as well as caffeine, regardless of calcium concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum supplementation reversed some changes in leaf metabolites induced by calcium stress
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e7“Aluminum supplementation reversed some of the changes in the contents of leaf metabolites induced by calcium stress (e.g., 4-dihydroquercetin, apigenin C-pentoside, phenethylamine, and caffeine)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium stress caused severe growth inhibition in tea plants
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e7“calcium stress caused severe growth inhibition and metabolic disorders in tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum supplementation may maintain root tips under calcium stress
- Taxon
- Tea Plantt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse1
- Treatment
- aluminum supplementatione1
- Outcome
- root tipse1
- Direction
- maintaininge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism”
e1“could be reversed by aluminum supplementation, particularly in maintaining the root tips and the accumulation of secondary metabolites”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
aluminium atom · molecular: metabolites · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.