Abstract
The present research investigated the impact of plant growth regulators in mitigating the effects of heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotype LST-6 and cultivar Punjab Varkha Bahar-4. In north India, the temperature in the summer season ranges between 25-45 ?C and temperature above 28?C leads to heat stress in plants and negatively affects the reproductive stage of plants. Considering this, we subjected the plants to varying concentrations of GA3 (10, 20, 30 µg/mL) and 4-CPA (15, 45, 75 µg/mL). GA3 application took place three weeks after transplanting, while 4-CPA was administered during the anthesis stage. We recorded observations from both control and treated plants, with a 10-day gap between each spray treatment. The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) enhanced the plants’ ability to withstand high temperatures by improving photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in the leaves. The level of different biochemical constituents (total protein, starch, total soluble sugars, phenol and proline content) also increased in PGRs treated plants. Application of GA3 and 4-CPA also enhanced the membrane thermostability and reduced lipid peroxidation. The PGRs treated plants exhibited increased plant height, leaf area, pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, ultimately improving yield. GA3 and 4- CPA application also increased the total soluble solids, lycopene content and titratable acidity in tomato fruits. Thus, overall improvement was observed with the application of PGRs; however, 75µg /mL 4-CPA was most effective in imparting thermo tolerance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators enhanced the ability of tomato plants to withstand high temperatures.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- plant growth regulators (PGRs)e1
- Outcome
- ability to withstand high temperaturese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) enhanced the plants’ ability to withstand high temperatures by improving photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in the leaves”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- plant growth regulators (PGRs)e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoid levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) enhanced the plants’ ability to withstand high temperatures by improving photosynthetic efficiency, as evidenced by increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in the leaves”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Total protein, starch and total soluble sugars increased in PGR-treated tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRse1
- Outcome
- total protein, starch, total soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The level of different biochemical constituents (total protein, starch, total soluble sugars, phenol and proline content) also increased in PGRs treated plants”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol and proline content increased in PGR-treated tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRse1
- Outcome
- phenol and proline contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The level of different biochemical constituents (total protein, starch, total soluble sugars, phenol and proline content) also increased in PGRs treated plants”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 4-CPA enhanced membrane thermostability in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 and 4-CPAe1
- Outcome
- membrane thermostabilitye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GA3 and 4-CPA also enhanced the membrane thermostability and reduced lipid peroxidation”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 4-CPA reduced lipid peroxidation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 and 4-CPAe1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GA3 and 4-CPA also enhanced the membrane thermostability and reduced lipid peroxidation”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR-treated tomato plants showed increased plant height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRs treated plantse1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The PGRs treated plants exhibited increased plant height, leaf area, pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, ultimately improving yield”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR-treated tomato plants showed increased pollen viability and fruit set.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRs treated plantse1
- Outcome
- pollen viability, fruit sete1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The PGRs treated plants exhibited increased plant height, leaf area, pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, ultimately improving yield”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR-treated tomato plants showed increased number of fruits per plant and fruit weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRs treated plantse1
- Outcome
- number of fruits per plant and fruit weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The PGRs treated plants exhibited increased plant height, leaf area, pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, ultimately improving yield”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR treatment ultimately improved tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGRs treated plantse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The PGRs treated plants exhibited increased plant height, leaf area, pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, ultimately improving yield”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 4-CPA increased total soluble solids, lycopene content and titratable acidity in tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- GA3 and 4- CPAe1
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, lycopene content and titratable aciditye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 and 4- CPA application also increased the total soluble solids, lycopene content and titratable acidity in tomato fruits”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
75 ug/mL 4-CPA was the most effective treatment in imparting thermo tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 75µg /mL 4-CPAe1
- Outcome
- thermo tolerancee1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“75µg /mL 4-CPA was most effective in imparting thermo tolerance”
e2“control and treated plants”
t0“tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.