Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation in acidic soils is well known and P-use and -recovery efficiency (PUE and PRE) is quite low. Rhizosphere-based P management has been considered as a means of enhancing PUE in acidic rice soils, but no clear dynamic study on this context. Rice was grown in pots using different P-sources [rock-phosphate (RP), single-super-phosphate (SSP), compost, P solubilizing bacteria (PSB), PSB + RP, PSB + compost, and compost + PSB + RP] in acidic Inceptisols (pH 4.31). Additionally, a micro-plot field experiment validated the results, using control, SSP, RP, PSB, and PSB + RP. Available-P (AvlP) and pH were analyzed every 10-days, while acid-phosphomonoesterases activity (PHA) and P-uptake in every 30-days until harvest. AvlP was peaked at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) and decreased until harvest. Compost + PSB + RP maintained significantly higher AvlP, soil pH and PHA, while root volume was highest in SSP throughout the growing period, and Soil pH showed an asymptotic trend. The P-content and uptake in biomass showed the highest peak at 60DAT and gradually declined until harvest. The effects of SSP and compost + PSB + RP on grain yield, chlorophyll concentration index (CCI), grain P content and uptake were comparable, but PUE and PRE were higher in compost + PSB + RP. Similar result was also observed in micro-plot field experiment, wherein grain yield and P uptake were comparable in SSP broadcast and PSB + RP. The study clearly shows that the combined application of PSB with RP, compost, or both in a 50% reduced amount can maintain higher AvlP in rice in acidic soil compared to full dose SSP while achieving a comparable yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Available P peaked 20 days after transplanting then declined through harvest.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- AvlPe0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- 20 days after transplanting (DAT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AvlP was peaked at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) and decreased until harvest”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost plus PSB plus RP maintained significantly higher available P, soil pH, and PHA.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Compost + PSB + RPe0
- Outcome
- AvlP, soil pH and PHAe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost + PSB + RP maintained significantly higher AvlP, soil pH and PHA”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP produced the highest root volume throughout growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SSPe0
- Outcome
- root volumee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root volume was highest in SSP throughout the growing period”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH followed an asymptotic trend.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Soil pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil pH showed an asymptotic trend”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass P content and uptake peaked at 60 DAT then declined until harvest.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- P-content and uptake in biomasse0
- Direction
- highest peake0
- Qualifier
- 60DATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P-content and uptake in biomass showed the highest peak at 60DAT and gradually declined until harvest”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SSP and compost plus PSB plus RP gave comparable grain yield, chlorophyll index, grain P content and uptake.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- compost + PSB + RPe0
- Outcome
- grain yield, chlorophyll concentration index (CCI), grain P content and uptakee0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- SSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of SSP and compost + PSB + RP on grain yield, chlorophyll concentration index (CCI), grain P content and uptake were comparable”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PUE and PRE were higher with compost plus PSB plus RP.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- compost + PSB + RPe0
- Outcome
- PUE and PREe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PUE and PRE were higher in compost + PSB + RP”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Field grain yield and P uptake were comparable under broadcast SSP and PSB plus RP.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PSB + RPe0
- Outcome
- grain yield and P uptakee0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- SSP broadcaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield and P uptake were comparable in SSP broadcast and PSB + RP”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PSB with RP or compost at half dose maintained higher available P than full dose SSP with comparable yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- combined application of PSB with RP, compost, or both in a 50% reduced amounte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of PSB with RP, compost, or both in a 50% reduced amount can maintain higher AvlP in rice in acidic soil compared to full dose SSP while achieving a comparable yield”
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