Abstract
Globally, salinity is an important abiotic stress in agriculture. It induced oxidative stress and nutritional imbalance in plants, resulting in poor crop productivity. Applying silicon (Si) can improve the uptake of macronutrients. On the other hand, using biochar as a soil amendment can also decrease salinity stress due to its high porosity, cation exchange capacity, and water-holding capacity. That's why the current experiment was conducted with novelty to explore the impact of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar (Si-BC) on wheat cultivated on salt-affected soil. There were 3 levels of Si-BC, i.e., control (0), 1% Si-BC1, and 2.5% Si-BC2 applied in 3 replicates under 0 and 200 mM NaCl following a completely randomized design. Results showed that treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 performed significantly better for the enhancement in shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of spikelets, spike length, spike fresh and dry weight compared to control under no stress and salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl. In conclusion, treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 can potentially mitigate the salinity stress in wheat by regulating antioxidants and improving N, K concentration, and gas exchange attributes while decreasing Na and Cl concentration and electrolyte leakage. More investigations at the field level are recommended for the declaration of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops under variable climatic conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 significantly improved shoot and root length, fresh weight and dry weight against control under both salt conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 performed significantly better for the enhancement in shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight”
e1“compared to control under no stress and salinity stress (200 mM NaCl)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 significantly improved leaf and tiller numbers and spikelet number compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e1
- Outcome
- number of leaves, number of tillers, number of spikeletse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancement in shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of spikelets, spike length, spike fresh and dry weight compared to control under no stress and salinity stress (200 mM NaCl)”
e1“treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 performed significantly better”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 significantly improved spike length and fresh and dry weight compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e1
- Outcome
- spike length, spike fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancement in shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of spikelets, spike length, spike fresh and dry weight compared to control under no stress and salinity stress (200 mM NaCl)”
e1“treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 performed significantly better”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 increased chlorophyll a about 18% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- ~ 18%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 increased chlorophyll b about 22% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- ~ 22%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 increased total chlorophyll about 20% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- ~ 20%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 increased carotenoids about 60% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- ~ 60%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% Si-BC2 increased relative water contents about 58% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- relative water contentse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- ~ 58%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that 2.5% Si-BC2 mitigates salinity through antioxidant regulation, N and K levels and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e0
- Outcome
- salinity stresse0
- Qualifier
- regulating antioxidants and improving N, K concentration, and gas exchange attributese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 can potentially mitigate the salinity stress in wheat by regulating antioxidants and improving N, K concentration, and gas exchange attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that 2.5% Si-BC2 decreases sodium, chloride and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5% Si-BC2e1
- Outcome
- Na and Cl concentration and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while decreasing Na and Cl concentration and electrolyte leakage”
e1“treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 can potentially mitigate the salinity stress in wheat”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend field investigations before declaring 2.5% Si-BC2 the best amendment across crops and climates.
Verbatim
e0“More investigations at the field level are recommended for the declaration of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops under variable climatic conditions”
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