Abstract
Abstract The present work aimed to investigate the effect of salinity in natural habitats in Egypt on the main secondary metabolites of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Artemisia monosperma L. plants compared to plants grown at normal conditions. Plants grown under salinity were collected from Egyptian Western Coastal region habitats irrigated with underground water. Results showed that salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants. GC/MS analysis of rosemary essential oils revealed that salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene, while, in the case of Artemisia, the GC/MS showed that Artemisia ketone, Camphor, β -phellandrene monoterpenes andα-Bisabolol sesquiterpenewere the major oil components; salinity decreased Camphor and β -phellandrene content and increased artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil content. About 11 new oil constituents were detected such as ( +)-2-Bornanone and Sesquisabinene hydrate. Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls. Results demonstrated that both plants could tolerate the high salinity level in natural Western Coastal region soil which promoted more production of valuable secondary metabolites. The antimicrobial effect of R. officinalis L. and A. monosperma L. leaf methanolic extracts, results showed that R. officinalis extracts had an inhibitory response against all tested gram-positive and negative bacteria, in addition to the yeast ( Candida albicans ), whereas there was no any inhibitory effect concerning A. monosperma L extract on the tested species.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased R. officinalis essential oil percentage by 52.7%.
- Taxon
- R. officinalis L.
Salvia rosmarinuse0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- essential oil percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.7%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased A. monosperma essential oil percentage by 0.29%.
- Taxon
- A. monosperma L
Artemisia monospermae0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- essential oil percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.29%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased dry leaf phenolics and flavonoids in R. officinalis L..
- Taxon
- R. officinalis L.Salvia rosmarinuse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased dry leaf phenolics and flavonoids in A. monosperma L.
- Taxon
- A. monosperma LArtemisia monospermae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity altered rosemary oil verbenone.
- Taxon
- Rosmarinus officinalis L.Salvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- verbenonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene”
t0“Rosmarinus officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity altered rosemary oil 1,8 cineole.
- Taxon
- Rosmarinus officinalis L.Salvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- 1,8 cineolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene”
t0“Rosmarinus officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity altered rosemary oil Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool.
- Taxon
- Rosmarinus officinalis L.Salvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linaloole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene”
t0“Rosmarinus officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity altered rosemary oil Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene.
- Taxon
- Rosmarinus officinalis L.Salvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpenee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene”
t0“Rosmarinus officinalis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased Camphor and β -phellandrene content in Artemisia.
- Taxon
- Artemisia monosperma L.Artemisia monospermat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Camphor and β -phellandrene contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased Camphor and β -phellandrene content and increased artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil content.”
t0“Artemisia monosperma L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil content in Artemisia.
- Taxon
- Artemisia monosperma L.Artemisia monospermat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity decreased Camphor and β -phellandrene content and increased artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil content.”
t0“Artemisia monosperma L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven new oil constituents were detected in Artemisia.
- Taxon
- Artemisia monosperma L.Artemisia monospermat0
- Outcome
- new oil constituentse0
- Value
- 11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 11 new oil constituents were detected such as ( +)-2-Bornanone and Sesquisabinene hydrate.”
t0“Artemisia monosperma L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased mineral ion uptake in R. officinalis.
- Taxon
- R. officinalisSalvia rosmarinuse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na content in R. officinalis.
- Taxon
- R. officinalisSalvia rosmarinuse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased mineral ion uptake in A. monosperma.
- Taxon
- A. monospermaArtemisia monospermae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na content in A. monosperma.
- Taxon
- A. monospermaArtemisia monospermae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral ions (N, K + , Ca +2 , P, and Mg +2 ) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
R. officinalis extracts inhibited tested bacteria and Candida albicans.
- Taxon
- R. officinalisSalvia rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory response against all tested gram-positive and negative bacteria, in addition to the yeast ( Candida albicans )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. officinalis extracts had an inhibitory response against all tested gram-positive and negative bacteria, in addition to the yeast ( Candida albicans ), whereas there was no any inhibitory effect concerning A. monosperma L extract on the tested species.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. monosperma extract showed no inhibition of the tested species.
- Taxon
- A. monosperma LArtemisia monospermae0
- Outcome
- no any inhibitory effect concerning A. monosperma L extract on the tested speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. officinalis extracts had an inhibitory response against all tested gram-positive and negative bacteria, in addition to the yeast ( Candida albicans ), whereas there was no any inhibitory effect concerning A. monosperma L extract on the tested species.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · quality: oil · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · nutrient: content · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.