Abstract
Heat stress severely restricts the growth and fruit development of apple (Malus domestica). Little is known about the involvement of WRKY proteins in the heat tolerance mechanism in apple. In this study, we found that the apple transcription factor (TF) MdWRKY75 responds to heat and positively regulates basal thermotolerance. Apple plants that overexpressed MdWRKY75 were more tolerant to heat stress while silencing MdWRKY75 caused the opposite phenotype. RNA-seq and reverse transcription quantitative PCR showed that heat shock factor genes (MdHsfs) could be the potential targets of MdWRKY75. Electrophoretic mobility shift, yeast one-hybrid, β-glucuronidase, and dual-luciferase assays showed that MdWRKY75 can bind to the promoters of MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1d and activate their expression. Apple plants that overexpressed MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1d exhibited heat tolerance and rescued the heat-sensitive phenotype of MdWRKY75-Ri3. In addition, apple heat shock cognate 70 (MdHSC70) interacts with MdWRKY75, as shown by yeast two-hybrid, split luciferase, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and pull-down assays. MdHSC70 acts as a negative regulator of the heat stress response. Apple plants that overexpressed MdHSC70 were sensitive to heat, while virus-induced gene silencing of MdHSC70 enhanced heat tolerance. Additional research showed that MdHSC70 exhibits heat sensitivity by interacting with MdWRKY75 and inhibiting MdHsfs expression. In summary, we proposed a mechanism for the response of apple to heat that is mediated by the "MdHSC70/MdWRKY75-MdHsfs" molecular module, which enhances our understanding of apple thermotolerance regulated by WRKY TFs.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
MdWRKY75 responds to heat and positively regulates basal apple thermotolerance.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Gene
- MdWRKY75e0
- Outcome
- basal thermotolerancee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the apple transcription factor (TF) MdWRKY75 responds to heat and positively regulates basal thermotolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple plants overexpressing MdWRKY75 were more heat tolerant.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- overexpressed MdWRKY75e0
- Gene
- MdWRKY75e0
- Outcome
- heat stresse0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdWRKY75 were more tolerant to heat stress while silencing MdWRKY75 caused the opposite phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing MdWRKY75 caused the opposite heat tolerance phenotype.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- silencing MdWRKY75e0
- Gene
- MdWRKY75e0
- Outcome
- opposite phenotypee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdWRKY75 were more tolerant to heat stress while silencing MdWRKY75 caused the opposite phenotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
MdHsfs were identified as potential targets of MdWRKY75.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdHsfse0
- Outcome
- potential targets of MdWRKY75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat shock factor genes (MdHsfs) could be the potential targets of MdWRKY75”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MdWRKY75 binds the promoters of MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a and MdHsfA1d and activates their expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdWRKY75e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- activatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdWRKY75 can bind to the promoters of MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1d and activate their expression”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a and MdHsfA1d conferred apple heat tolerance.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- overexpressed MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1de0
- Gene
- MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1de0
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1d exhibited heat tolerance and rescued the heat-sensitive phenotype of MdWRKY75-Ri3.”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a and MdHsfA1d rescued the heat-sensitive phenotype of MdWRKY75-Ri3.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- MdWRKY75-Ri3e0
- Treatment
- overexpressed MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1de0
- Gene
- MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1de0
- Outcome
- heat-sensitive phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdHsf4, MdHsfB2a, and MdHsfA1d exhibited heat tolerance and rescued the heat-sensitive phenotype of MdWRKY75-Ri3.”
Claim · model-written summary
MdHSC70 interacts with MdWRKY75 in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- MdHSC70e0
- Outcome
- interacts with MdWRKY75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple heat shock cognate 70 (MdHSC70) interacts with MdWRKY75”
Claim · model-written summary
MdHSC70 negatively regulates the apple heat stress response.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdHSC70e0
- Outcome
- heat stress responsee0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdHSC70 acts as a negative regulator of the heat stress response.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple plants overexpressing MdHSC70 were heat sensitive.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- overexpressed MdHSC70e0
- Gene
- MdHSC70e0
- Outcome
- sensitive to heate0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdHSC70 were sensitive to heat, while virus-induced gene silencing of MdHSC70 enhanced heat tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-induced silencing of MdHSC70 enhanced apple heat tolerance.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencing of MdHSC70e0
- Gene
- MdHSC70e0
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple plants that overexpressed MdHSC70 were sensitive to heat, while virus-induced gene silencing of MdHSC70 enhanced heat tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
MdHSC70 interaction with MdWRKY75 inhibited MdHsfs expression and promoted heat sensitivity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdHSC70e0
- Outcome
- MdHsfs expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdHSC70 exhibits heat sensitivity by interacting with MdWRKY75 and inhibiting MdHsfs expression.”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · tolerance: abiotic · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.