Abstract
During a survey of post-harvest diseases of apple in Himachal Pradesh conducted during July to September 2021, fourteen different types of rots were observed. Among these, Penicillium expansum (blue mould) was most destructive with exclusive incidence of 43.8%. Surveys of different markets/stores of Himachal Pradesh revealed that the total losses due to apple decay at various locations varied from 7.80 to 21.93%. Ten important commercial varieties of apple were screened for their comparative susceptibility against fruit decay.Tydeman’s Early Worcester was found to be most tolerant to all the rot causing fungi with mean per cent rotting of 23.26%.Cow urine was found most effective in providing 79.21% growth inhibition of test fungi under study. The next best bio-products were Emblica officinalis (amla), Melia azadirach (darek) and Dodonaea viscose (mehandu) with per cent growth inhibition of 75.66, 73.59 and 68.48%, respectively. Under in vitro conditions, mancozeb (0.1%) was the most effective fungicide providing 84.83% growth inhibition. The efficacy of mancozeb as dip treatment at 0.1% concentration was judged to be significantly superior followed by 0.05% carbendazim with per cent control of 95.97 and 92.35%, respectively. Preharvest spray of mancozeb (0.3%) was highly effective in checking all the test fungi under different type of storage for 2 months. 1-methyl cyclopropene (MCP) fumigation of apple fruits immediately after harvesting for 12 hours was most effective in checking the test fungi under study providing 89.60% control.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen rot types were found in surveyed apples.
- Outcome
- fourteen different types of rotse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“fourteen different types of rots were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium expansum was the most destructive rot, with 43.8% incidence.
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- incidencee0
- Value
- 43.8%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penicillium expansum (blue mould) was most destructive with exclusive incidence of 43.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple decay losses varied from 7.80 to 21.93% among sites.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- total losses due to apple decaye0
- Value
- 7.80 to 21.93%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total losses due to apple decay at various locations varied from 7.80 to 21.93%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tydeman’s Early Worcester was the most tolerant variety, averaging 23.26% rot.
- Material
- Tydeman’s Early Worcestere0
- Outcome
- mean per cent rottinge0
- Direction
- most tolerante0
- Value
- 23.26%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Tydeman’s Early Worcester was found to be most tolerant to all the rot causing fungi with mean per cent rotting of 23.26%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow urine inhibited test fungus growth by 79.21%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cow urine was found most effective in providing 79.21% growth inhibition of test fungi under study”
Claim · model-written summary
Emblica officinalis inhibited test fungus growth by 75.66%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Emblica officinalis (amla), Melia azadirach (darek) and Dodonaea viscose (mehandu) with per cent growth inhibition of 75.66, 73.59 and 68.48%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Melia azadirach inhibited test fungus growth by 73.59%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Melia azadirach (darek) and Dodonaea viscose (mehandu) with per cent growth inhibition of 75.66, 73.59 and 68.48%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Dodonaea viscose inhibited test fungus growth by 68.48%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dodonaea viscose (mehandu) with per cent growth inhibition of 75.66, 73.59 and 68.48%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb at 0.1% inhibited fungal growth by 84.83% in vitro.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“mancozeb (0.1%) was the most effective fungicide providing 84.83% growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb dip controlled decay by 95.97%.
- Treatment
- mancozeb as dip treatment at 0.1%e0
- Outcome
- per cent controle0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 95.97e0
- Comparator
- 0.05% carbendazime0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“mancozeb as dip treatment at 0.1% concentration was judged to be significantly superior followed by 0.05% carbendazim with per cent control of 95.97 and 92.35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim dip controlled decay by 92.35%.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“0.05% carbendazim with per cent control of 95.97 and 92.35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest mancozeb spray checked fungi during two months of storage.
- Treatment
- Preharvest spray of mancozeb (0.3%)e0
- Outcome
- checking all the test fungie0
- Direction
- checkinge0
- Qualifier
- for 2 monthse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest spray of mancozeb (0.3%) was highly effective in checking all the test fungi under different type of storage for 2 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest MCP fumigation controlled test fungi by 89.60%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 1-methyl cyclopropene (MCP) fumigatione0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- checkinge0
- Value
- 89.60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-methyl cyclopropene (MCP) fumigation of apple fruits immediately after harvesting for 12 hours was most effective in checking the test fungi under study providing 89.60% control”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →carbendazim · control · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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solarization · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.