Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors that decreases wheat yield. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of K, SA, and GABA application on yield components, grain yield, and nutrient uptake in high-salinity in wheat genotypes. The research was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal as control, and salinity (8 dS/m) conditions. The main plots included foliar application with growth stimulants (K, SA, GABA, and control), and subplots encompassed seven wheat genotypes. The salinity caused a 49.95% decrease in grain yield compared to normal conditions. The Mihan genotype showed the highest grain yield when treated with potassium (10970.6 kg/ha), GABA (11370.1 kg/ha), and salicylic acid (10650.1 kg/ha) under non-stress conditions. Furthermore, under salinity conditions, the Mihan genotype sprayed with potassium (7036.1 kg/ha) and GABA (5070.1 kg/ha) produced the maximum grain yield. Foliar spraying with potassium and GABA in both conditions improved the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grains compared to control. Exposure to salt stress caused a decrease in iron (50.05%), copper (27.86%), and magnesium (18.86%) content in the seeds. Treatments with potassium and GABA in both conditions increased the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grain. The highest nitrogen and potassium content and lowest sodium content in leaves were observed in Mihan genotype sprayed with K. Therefore, foliar application of K and GABA can moderate the effects of salinity on wheat.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased wheat grain yield by 49.95% relative to normal conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 49.95%e0
- Comparator
- normal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salinity caused a 49.95% decrease in grain yield compared to normal conditions.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mihan with potassium had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions, 10970.6 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10970.6 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- non-stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mihan genotype showed the highest grain yield when treated with potassium (10970.6 kg/ha), GABA (11370.1 kg/ha), and salicylic acid (10650.1 kg/ha) under non-stress conditions.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mihan with GABA had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions, 11370.1 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11370.1 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- non-stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mihan genotype showed the highest grain yield when treated with potassium (10970.6 kg/ha), GABA (11370.1 kg/ha), and salicylic acid (10650.1 kg/ha) under non-stress conditions.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mihan with salicylic acid had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions, 10650.1 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10650.1 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- non-stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mihan genotype showed the highest grain yield when treated with potassium (10970.6 kg/ha), GABA (11370.1 kg/ha), and salicylic acid (10650.1 kg/ha) under non-stress conditions.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, potassium-sprayed Mihan had maximum grain yield of 7036.1 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7036.1 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- salinity conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under salinity conditions, the Mihan genotype sprayed with potassium (7036.1 kg/ha) and GABA (5070.1 kg/ha) produced the maximum grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, GABA-sprayed Mihan had maximum grain yield of 5070.1 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5070.1 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- salinity conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under salinity conditions, the Mihan genotype sprayed with potassium (7036.1 kg/ha) and GABA (5070.1 kg/ha) produced the maximum grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium spray improved grain Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn content relative to control in both conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grainse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- both conditionse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with potassium and GABA in both conditions improved the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grains compared to control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA spray improved grain Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn content relative to control in both conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Outcome
- Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grainse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- both conditionse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with potassium and GABA in both conditions improved the Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn content in grains compared to control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased iron content in seeds by 50.05%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to salt stress caused a decrease in iron (50.05%), copper (27.86%), and magnesium (18.86%) content in the seeds.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased copper content in seeds by 27.86%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to salt stress caused a decrease in iron (50.05%), copper (27.86%), and magnesium (18.86%) content in the seeds.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased magnesium content in seeds by 18.86%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- magnesiume0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 18.86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to salt stress caused a decrease in iron (50.05%), copper (27.86%), and magnesium (18.86%) content in the seeds.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium-sprayed Mihan had the highest leaf nitrogen and potassium content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- nitrogen and potassium contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen and potassium content and lowest sodium content in leaves were observed in Mihan genotype sprayed with K.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium-sprayed Mihan had the lowest leaf sodium content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Mihane0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- sodium content in leavese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen and potassium content and lowest sodium content in leaves were observed in Mihan genotype sprayed with K.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that foliar K and GABA can moderate salinity effects on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- K and GABAe0
- Outcome
- moderate the effects of salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of K and GABA can moderate the effects of salinity on wheat.”
t0“wheat”
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