Abstract
Fruit softening is a prominent attribute governing both longevity on shelves and commercial worth. Polygalacturonase (PG) plays a major role in strawberry fruit softening. However, the PG gene family in strawberry has not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, 75 FaPG genes were identified in the octoploid strawberry genome, which were classified into three groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that FaPGs are mostly localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts. Moreover, the expression of FaPGs during strawberry development and ripening of ‘Benihoppe’ and its softer mutant was estimated. The results showed that among all 75 FaPGs, most genes exhibited low expression across developmental stages, while two group c members (FxaC_21g15770 and FxaC_20g05360) and one group b member, FxaC_19g05040, displayed relatively higher and gradual increases in their expression trends during strawberry ripening and softening. FxaC_21g15770 was selected for subsequent silencing to validate its role in strawberry softening due to the fact that it exhibited the highest and most changed expression level across different developmental stages in ‘Benihoppe’ and its mutant. Silencing FxaC_21g15770 could significantly improve strawberry fruit firmness without affecting fruit color, soluble solids, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Conversely, silencing FxaC_21g15770 could significantly suppress the expression of other genes related to pectin degradation such as FaPG-like, FaPL, FaPME, FaCX, FaCel, FaGlu, FaXET, and FaEG. These findings provide basic information on the FaPG gene family for further functional research and indicate that FxaC_21g15770 plays a vital role in strawberry fruit softening.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy-five FaPG genes were identified and assigned to three groups.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Gene
- FaPGe0
- Outcome
- genes were identifiede0
- Value
- 75e0
- Qualifier
- three groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“75 FaPG genes were identified in the octoploid strawberry genome, which were classified into three groups according to phylogenetic analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
FaPGs were predicted mostly in plasma membrane, cytoplasm and chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaPGse0
- Outcome
- localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaPGs are mostly localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts”
t0“Strawberry Softening”
Claim · model-written summary
Most FaPG genes had low expression across developmental stages.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- developmental stagese0
- Gene
- genese0
- Outcome
- low expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most genes exhibited low expression across developmental stages”
t0“Strawberry Softening”
Claim · model-written summary
FxaC_21g15770 expression increased during strawberry ripening and softening.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- ripening and softeninge0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e0
- Outcome
- expression trendse0
- Direction
- gradual increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FxaC_21g15770 and FxaC_20g05360) and one group b member, FxaC_19g05040, displayed relatively higher and gradual increases in their expression trends during strawberry ripening and softening”
Claim · model-written summary
FxaC_20g05360 expression increased during strawberry ripening and softening.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- ripening and softeninge0
- Gene
- FxaC_20g05360e0
- Outcome
- expression trendse0
- Direction
- gradual increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FxaC_21g15770 and FxaC_20g05360) and one group b member, FxaC_19g05040, displayed relatively higher and gradual increases in their expression trends during strawberry ripening and softening”
Claim · model-written summary
FxaC_19g05040 expression increased during strawberry ripening and softening.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- ripening and softeninge0
- Gene
- FxaC_19g05040e0
- Outcome
- expression trendse0
- Direction
- gradual increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FxaC_21g15770 and FxaC_20g05360) and one group b member, FxaC_19g05040, displayed relatively higher and gradual increases in their expression trends during strawberry ripening and softening”
Claim · model-written summary
FxaC_21g15770 had the highest and most changed expression across stages.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Benihoppe’ and its mutante0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e1
- Outcome
- expression levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it exhibited the highest and most changed expression level across different developmental stages in ‘Benihoppe’ and its mutant”
e1“FxaC_21g15770 was selected for subsequent silencing”
t0“Strawberry Softening”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing FxaC_21g15770 significantly improved fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Silencing FxaC_21g15770e0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing FxaC_21g15770 could significantly improve strawberry fruit firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing FxaC_21g15770 did not affect fruit color, soluble solids, cellulose or hemicellulose.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Silencing FxaC_21g15770e0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e0
- Outcome
- fruit color, soluble solids, cellulose, and hemicellulosee0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing FxaC_21g15770 could significantly improve strawberry fruit firmness without affecting fruit color, soluble solids, cellulose, and hemicellulose”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing FxaC_21g15770 suppressed expression of pectin degradation genes.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- silencing FxaC_21g15770e0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e0
- Outcome
- expression of other genes related to pectin degradatione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing FxaC_21g15770 could significantly suppress the expression of other genes related to pectin degradation such as FaPG-like, FaPL, FaPME, FaCX, FaCel, FaGlu, FaXET, and FaEG”
t0“Strawberry Softening”
Claim · model-written summary
FxaC_21g15770 was interpreted as vital to strawberry softening.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Gene
- FxaC_21g15770e0
- Outcome
- fruit softeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FxaC_21g15770 plays a vital role in strawberry fruit softening”
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See all 22 papers →loss of function · quality: sugar starch · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.