Abstract
In strawberry, sucrose is the major form of carbohydrate translocated from the leaves to the fruits and plays an important role in fruit ripening. As a conserved energy sensor, sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays an important role in plant carbon metabolism. However, evidence that SnRK1 regulates sucrose accumulation in fruits is lacking. In this study, we transiently expressed FaSnRK1α in strawberry fruits and found that overexpression (OE) of the FaSnRK1α gene significantly increased the sucrose content, whereas repression of FaSnRK1α by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased the sucrose content. Further analysis revealed that FaSnRK1α increased the expression of FaSUS1 and FaSUS3 as well as the activity of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) and that FaSPS1 expression and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) activity were strongly downregulated, which decreased the accumulation of sucrose. However, the expression of FaSPS3, which is reported to contribute to sucrose accumulation, was induced by FaSnRK1α, and FaNI expression and invertase (INV; EC 3.2.1.26) activity were upregulated by FaSnRK1α. In addition, FaSnRK1α positively upregulated the expression of the sucrose transporter (SUT) genes FaSUT1 and FaSUT5 and interacted with FaSUS1, FaSPS1 and FaSPS3 proteins but not with FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5 proteins. Overall, FaSnRK1α systematically regulates the expression of the genes and activities of key enzymes involved in the sucrose metabolic pathway and promotes the long-distance transport of sucrose, thereby increasing sucrose accumulation and ultimately promoting fruit ripening. However, the mechanisms by which sucrose transport and degradation are regulated by SnRK1 warrant additional research.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α overexpression increased fruit sucrose content.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Organ / stage
- fruitst0
- Treatment
- overexpression (OE) of the FaSnRK1α genee0
- Gene
- FaSnRK1α genee0
- Outcome
- sucrose contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“overexpression (OE) of the FaSnRK1α gene significantly increased the sucrose content”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α RNA interference decreased fruit sucrose content.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- repression of FaSnRK1α by RNA interference (RNAi)e0
- Gene
- FaSnRK1αe0
- Outcome
- sucrose contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“repression of FaSnRK1α by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased the sucrose content”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α increased FaSUS1 and FaSUS3 expression and sucrose synthase activity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaSnRK1αe0
- Gene
- FaSUS1 and FaSUS3e0
- Outcome
- expression of FaSUS1 and FaSUS3 as well as the activity of sucrose synthasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaSnRK1α increased the expression of FaSUS1 and FaSUS3 as well as the activity of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13)”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSPS1 expression and SPS activity were downregulated.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaSPS1e0
- Outcome
- FaSPS1 expression and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) activitye0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaSPS1 expression and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) activity were strongly downregulated, which decreased the accumulation of sucrose”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSPS1 and SPS downregulation decreased sucrose accumulation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaSPS1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of sucrosee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaSPS1 expression and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) activity were strongly downregulated, which decreased the accumulation of sucrose”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α induced FaSPS3 expression.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaSnRK1αe0
- Gene
- FaSPS3e0
- Outcome
- expression of FaSPS3e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of FaSPS3, which is reported to contribute to sucrose accumulation, was induced by FaSnRK1α”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α upregulated FaNI expression and invertase activity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaSnRK1αe0
- Gene
- FaNIe0
- Outcome
- FaNI expression and invertase (INV; EC 3.2.1.26) activitye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaNI expression and invertase (INV; EC 3.2.1.26) activity were upregulated by FaSnRK1α”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α upregulated FaSUT1 and FaSUT5 expression.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaSnRK1αe0
- Gene
- FaSUT1 and FaSUT5e0
- Outcome
- expression of the sucrose transporter (SUT) genes FaSUT1 and FaSUT5e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FaSnRK1α positively upregulated the expression of the sucrose transporter (SUT) genes FaSUT1 and FaSUT5”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α interacted with FaSUS1, FaSPS1 and FaSPS3 proteins.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaSUS1, FaSPS1 and FaSPS3e0
- Outcome
- interacted with FaSUS1, FaSPS1 and FaSPS3 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interacted with FaSUS1, FaSPS1 and FaSPS3 proteins but not with FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5 proteins”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α did not interact with FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5 proteins.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5e0
- Outcome
- not with FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not with FaSUS3, FaNI, FaSUT1 or FaSUT5 proteins”
t0“strawberry fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaSnRK1α promotes long-distance sucrose transport and fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaSnRK1αt0
- Outcome
- long-distance transport of sucrosee0
- Direction
- promotese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes the long-distance transport of sucrose, thereby increasing sucrose accumulation and ultimately promoting fruit ripening”
t0“FaSnRK1α regulates sucrose accumulation in strawberry fruits”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · quality: sugar starch · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.