Abstract
Water deficit stress (WDS) is one of the most significant abiotic limiting factors in cultivated crops, including cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). With global climate change and the destruction of ecological balance, the frequency and severity of drought events are increasing in many regions around the world. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of using nano zinc particles (ZnO-NPs), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum sp.), and their combination to mitigate the negative impacts of WDS on cotton var. Giza 96. Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 days led to considerable decreases in plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), yield, and cotton fiber quality compared to the optimal irrigation interval (every 15 days). When applied individually or in combination, ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. can ameliorate the negative effects of WDS on cotton growth and productivity. Overall, the use of Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs, either individually or in combination, has demonstrated their potential to enhance cotton growth and yield parameters (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll pigment, seed index, seed yield, and lint%) under prolonged irrigation intervals during 2021 and 2022 seasons. Antioxidant enzymes activity comprising catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and proline content were increased under drought stress. Cotton fiber quality parameters including length, strength, and micronaire were insignificantly affected under low irrigation rate. The combination of ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. provided the most effective mitigation of WDS during both experimental seasons, outperforming the effects of individual applications.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 days decreased plant height, chlorophyll content and relative water content in cotton compared with a 15-day interval.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.
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Gossypium barbadenset0 - Treatment
- Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 dayse1
- Outcome
- plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC)e1
- Direction
- decreasese1
- Comparator
- optimal irrigation interval (every 15 days)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 days led to considerable decreases in plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), yield, and cotton fiber quality compared to the optimal irrigation interval (every 15 days)”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 days decreased cotton yield and fiber quality compared with a 15-day interval.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 dayse1
- Outcome
- yield, and cotton fiber qualitye1
- Direction
- decreasese1
- Comparator
- optimal irrigation interval (every 15 days)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Extended irrigation intervals of 30 and 45 days led to considerable decreases in plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), yield, and cotton fiber quality compared to the optimal irrigation interval (every 15 days)”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. ameliorate the negative effects of water deficit stress on cotton growth and productivity, individually or in combination.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp.e2
- Interactor
- Azospirillum sp.
Azospirillume2symbiont - Outcome
- cotton growth and productivitye2
- Direction
- amelioratee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“When applied individually or in combination, ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. can ameliorate the negative effects of WDS on cotton growth and productivity”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs enhance plant height, dry weight and leaf area of cotton under prolonged irrigation intervals.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPse3
- Interactor
- Azospirillum sp.Azospirillume3symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight, leaf areae3
- Direction
- enhancee3
- Setting
- 2021 and 2022 seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Overall, the use of Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs, either individually or in combination, has demonstrated their potential to enhance cotton growth and yield parameters (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll pigment, seed index, seed yield, and lint%) under prolonged irrigation intervals during 2021 and 2022 seasons”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs enhance chlorophyll pigment of cotton under prolonged irrigation intervals.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPse3
- Interactor
- Azospirillum sp.Azospirillume3symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigmente3
- Direction
- enhancee3
- Setting
- 2021 and 2022 seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Overall, the use of Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs, either individually or in combination, has demonstrated their potential to enhance cotton growth and yield parameters (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll pigment, seed index, seed yield, and lint%) under prolonged irrigation intervals during 2021 and 2022 seasons”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs enhance seed index, seed yield and lint percentage of cotton under prolonged irrigation intervals.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPse3
- Interactor
- Azospirillum sp.Azospirillume3symbiont
- Outcome
- seed index, seed yield, and lint%e3
- Direction
- enhancee3
- Setting
- 2021 and 2022 seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Overall, the use of Azospirillum sp. and ZnO-NPs, either individually or in combination, has demonstrated their potential to enhance cotton growth and yield parameters (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll pigment, seed index, seed yield, and lint%) under prolonged irrigation intervals during 2021 and 2022 seasons”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, POD, PPO) in cotton.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- drought stresse4
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzymes activitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Antioxidant enzymes activity comprising catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and proline content were increased under drought stress”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased proline content in cotton.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- drought stresse4
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Antioxidant enzymes activity comprising catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and proline content were increased under drought stress”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton fiber quality parameters (length, strength and micronaire) were not significantly affected under low irrigation rate.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- low irrigation ratee5
- Outcome
- fiber quality parameters including length, strength, and micronairee5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Cotton fiber quality parameters including length, strength, and micronaire were insignificantly affected under low irrigation rate”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. gave the most effective mitigation of water deficit stress in cotton in both seasons, outperforming individual applications.
- Taxon
- Gossypium barbadense L.Gossypium barbadenset0
- Treatment
- combination of ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp.e6
- Interactor
- Azospirillum sp.Azospirillume6symbiont
- Outcome
- mitigation of WDSe6
- Direction
- outperforminge6
- Comparator
- individual applicationse6
- Setting
- both experimental seasonse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The combination of ZnO-NPs and Azospirillum sp. provided the most effective mitigation of WDS during both experimental seasons, outperforming the effects of individual applications”
t0“cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.