Abstract
Chloroplasts are important photosynthetic organelles that regulate plant immunity, growth, and development. However, the role of fungal secretory proteins in linking the photosystem to the plant immune system remains largely unknown. Our systematic characterization of 17 chloroplast-targeting secreted proteins of Fusarium graminearum indicated that Fg03600 is an important virulence factor. Fg03600 translocation into plant cells and accumulation in chloroplasts depended on its chloroplast transit peptide. Fg03600 interacted with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) proton gradient regulation 5-like protein 1 (TaPGRL1), a part of the cyclic photosynthetic electron transport chain, and promoted TaPGRL1 homo-dimerization. Interestingly, TaPGRL1 also interacted with ferredoxin (TaFd), a chloroplast ferredoxin protein that transfers cyclic electrons to TaPGRL1. TaFd competed with Fg03600 for binding to the same region of TaPGRL1. Fg03600 expression in plants decreased cyclic electron flow (CEF) but increased the production of chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stably silenced TaPGRL1 impaired resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and disrupted CEF. Overall, Fg03600 acts as a chloroplast-targeting effector to suppress plant CEF and increase photosynthesis-derived ROS for FHB development at the necrotrophic stage by promoting homo-dimeric TaPGRL1 or competing with TaFd for TaPGRL1 binding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 was identified as an important virulence factor.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Gene
- Fg03600e0
- Outcome
- important virulence factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Our systematic characterization of 17 chloroplast-targeting secreted proteins of Fusarium graminearum indicated that Fg03600 is an important virulence factor”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 transit peptide was needed for plant-cell translocation and chloroplast accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Organ / stage
- chloroplastse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- Fg03600e0
- Outcome
- translocation into plant cells and accumulation in chloroplastse0
- Qualifier
- depended on its chloroplast transit peptidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg03600 translocation into plant cells and accumulation in chloroplasts depended on its chloroplast transit peptide”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 interacted with wheat TaPGRL1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- Fg03600 interacted with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) proton gradient regulation 5-like protein 1 (TaPGRL1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg03600 interacted with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) proton gradient regulation 5-like protein 1 (TaPGRL1)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 promoted TaPGRL1 homodimerization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- TaPGRL1 homo-dimerizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted TaPGRL1 homo-dimerization”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPGRL1 interacted with TaFd.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- interacted with ferredoxin (TaFd)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPGRL1 also interacted with ferredoxin (TaFd)”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TaFd competed with Fg03600 for the same TaPGRL1 binding region.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- TaFd competed with Fg03600 for binding to the same region of TaPGRL1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaFd competed with Fg03600 for binding to the same region of TaPGRL1”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 expression decreased cyclic electron flow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Fg03600 expressione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- cyclic electron flow (CEF)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg03600 expression in plants decreased cyclic electron flow (CEF)”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg03600 expression increased chloroplast-derived ROS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Fg03600 expressione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg03600 expression in plants decreased cyclic electron flow (CEF) but increased the production of chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPGRL1 silencing impaired Fusarium head blight resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Stably silenced TaPGRL1e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB)e0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stably silenced TaPGRL1 impaired resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB)”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPGRL1 silencing disrupted cyclic electron flow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Stably silenced TaPGRL1e0
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- CEFe0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stably silenced TaPGRL1 impaired resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and disrupted CEF”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret Fg03600 as suppressing CEF and increasing ROS for FHB development by TaPGRL1 dimerization or TaFd competition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPGRL1e0
- Outcome
- FHB developmente0
- Qualifier
- at the necrotrophic stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg03600 acts as a chloroplast-targeting effector to suppress plant CEF and increase photosynthesis-derived ROS for FHB development at the necrotrophic stage by promoting homo-dimeric TaPGRL1 or competing with TaFd for TaPGRL1 binding”
e7“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t0“Fusarium graminearum”
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See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.