Abstract
Few studies have explored the impact of blue light-emitting diode (BL) irradiation combined with different storage temperatures on antioxidant defense and cell wall metabolic activities related to the quality deterioration of postharvest strawberries. This study investigates the effects of BL exposure as a non-chemical preservation strategy to improve the postharvest quality of strawberries stored at 22 °C and 8 °C. Over a 10-day storage period, BL irradiation significantly reduced respiratory and ethylene production rates, while preserving fruit firmness and increasing the contents of soluble sugar and total phenol at both temperatures. Additionally, increases of the enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense metabolism (e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) accompanied with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) and the content of secondary metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid (AsA)) accompanied with enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found in BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at the later stages of storage. Meanwhile, BL irradiation also mitigated the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, thereby reducing the degradation rates of protopectin (PP), cellulose (CEL), and hemicellulose (HCEL), while maintaining the structural integrity of cell walls. According to fuzzy mathematics analysis, the membership function values for BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at different storage temperatures ranked as follows: BL + 8 °C (0.60) > BL + 22 °C (0.52) > 8 °C (0.46) > 22 °C (0.36). These findings suggest that BL irradiation not only extends the shelf life of strawberries by modulating antioxidant defense and cell wall metabolic activities but also maintains their commercial quality, particularly under low-temperature storage conditions. Therefore, BL irradiation holds significant promise for minimizing quality deterioration in postharvest strawberries during cold storage. • BL irradiation unevenly improved the fruit quality and self life of postharvest strawberries during room and low temperature storage period. • Combined effect of BL irradiation with low temperature storage was more effective, special for later storage. • In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced respiratory and ethylene production rates during 10 days of storage at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- respiratory and ethylene production ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Over a 10-day storage period, BL irradiation significantly reduced respiratory and ethylene production rates, while preserving fruit firmness and increasing the contents of soluble sugar and total phenol at both temperatures.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light preserved fruit firmness at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- preservinge0
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over a 10-day storage period, BL irradiation significantly reduced respiratory and ethylene production rates, while preserving fruit firmness and increasing the contents of soluble sugar and total phenol at both temperatures.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light increased soluble sugar and total phenol contents at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- contents of soluble sugar and total phenole0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over a 10-day storage period, BL irradiation significantly reduced respiratory and ethylene production rates, while preserving fruit firmness and increasing the contents of soluble sugar and total phenol at both temperatures.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity later in storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatede0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- later stages of storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, increases of the enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense metabolism (e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) accompanied with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) and the content of secondary metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid (AsA)) accompanied with enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found in BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at the later stages of storage.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced reactive oxygen species later in storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatede0
- Outcome
- levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- later stages of storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, increases of the enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense metabolism (e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) accompanied with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) and the content of secondary metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid (AsA)) accompanied with enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found in BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at the later stages of storage.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light enhanced ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities later in storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatede0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- later stages of storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, increases of the enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense metabolism (e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) accompanied with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) and the content of secondary metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid (AsA)) accompanied with enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found in BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at the later stages of storage.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light mitigated cell wall-degrading enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- activity of cell wall-degrading enzymese0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, BL irradiation also mitigated the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, thereby reducing the degradation rates of protopectin (PP), cellulose (CEL), and hemicellulose (HCEL), while maintaining the structural integrity of cell walls.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced degradation of protopectin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- degradation rates of protopectin (PP), cellulose (CEL), and hemicellulose (HCEL)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, BL irradiation also mitigated the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, thereby reducing the degradation rates of protopectin (PP), cellulose (CEL), and hemicellulose (HCEL), while maintaining the structural integrity of cell walls.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light maintained cell wall structural integrity.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiatione0
- Outcome
- structural integrity of cell wallse0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, BL irradiation also mitigated the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, thereby reducing the degradation rates of protopectin (PP), cellulose (CEL), and hemicellulose (HCEL), while maintaining the structural integrity of cell walls.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The BL + 8 °C group had a membership function value of 0.60.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- BL + 8 °Ce0
- Outcome
- membership function valuese0
- Value
- 0.60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to fuzzy mathematics analysis, the membership function values for BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at different storage temperatures ranked as follows: BL + 8 °C (0.60) > BL + 22 °C (0.52) > 8 °C (0.46) > 22 °C (0.36).”
Claim · model-written summary
The BL + 22 °C group had a membership function value of 0.52.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- BL + 22 °Ce0
- Outcome
- membership function valuese0
- Value
- 0.52e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to fuzzy mathematics analysis, the membership function values for BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at different storage temperatures ranked as follows: BL + 8 °C (0.60) > BL + 22 °C (0.52) > 8 °C (0.46) > 22 °C (0.36).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 8 °C group had a membership function value of 0.46.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 8 °Ce0
- Outcome
- membership function valuese0
- Value
- 0.46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to fuzzy mathematics analysis, the membership function values for BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at different storage temperatures ranked as follows: BL + 8 °C (0.60) > BL + 22 °C (0.52) > 8 °C (0.46) > 22 °C (0.36).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 22 °C group had a membership function value of 0.36.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 22 °Ce0
- Outcome
- membership function valuese0
- Value
- 0.36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to fuzzy mathematics analysis, the membership function values for BL irradiated postharvest strawberries at different storage temperatures ranked as follows: BL + 8 °C (0.60) > BL + 22 °C (0.52) > 8 °C (0.46) > 22 °C (0.36).”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue light and low temperature suppressed respiration during later storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storagee0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- 6 d to 10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue light and low temperature increased soluble sugar during later storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storagee0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 6 d to 10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue light and low temperature activated SOD and APX during later storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storagee0
- Outcome
- SOD and APXe0
- Direction
- activede0
- Qualifier
- 6 d to 10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue light and low temperature decreased PPO, PG and PME during later storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storagee0
- Outcome
- PPO, PG and PMEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 6 d to 10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.”
t0“strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue light and low temperature yielded greater firmness and stable cellular structure later in storage.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storagee0
- Outcome
- greater firmness and stable cellular structuree0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 6 d to 10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the later storage of 6 d to 10 d, BL irradiation in combination with low temperature storage significantly suppressed respiration, increased soluble sugar, actived SOD and APX, decreased PPO, PG and PME, resulting in a greater firmness and stable cellular structure.”
t0“strawberries”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.