Abstract
Population size plays a crucial role in determining wheat yields. Altered carbohydrate accumulation resulting from increased competition between populations and individuals leads to poor-quality stems. The sowing date can mitigate competition in densely planted populations. However, the underlying mechanism by which it confers resistance to wheat lodging remains elusive. In this study, Zimai 28 (lodging-sensitive variety) and Shannong 28 (lodging-resistant variety) were used with three sowing treatments on October 22 (S1), October 28 (S2), and November 3 (S3). The sowing rate was adjusted to ensure adequate population size and consistency in the overwintering populations across sowing dates (300 plant m −2 for S1, 375 plant m −2 for S2, and 525 plant m −2 for S3). The lodging resistance in winter wheat was increased by delayed sowing and increased sowing rate, which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development. A reduction in the overwinter cumulative temperature from 500 to 450 °C, coupled with an elevation in sowing rates from 300 to 375 plant m −2 (transition from S1 to S2), corresponded with a notable increase in structural carbohydrates (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) by 175.07 mg g −1 . Additionally, there was a moderate increase in non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble sugars and starch, by 15.54 mg g −1 . Delayed sowing and increased sowing rate elevated the precursor contents of lignin synthesis. Enhanced metabolic activity of related pathways ultimately increased dimer/trimer content. In summary, this study highlights the pivotal role of lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures in determining the stem stiffness breaking strength.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing and higher sowing rate increased winter wheat lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- delayed sowing and increased sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lodging resistance in winter wheat was increased by delayed sowing and increased sowing rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing and higher sowing rate reduced tiller number.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- tiller numberse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing and higher sowing rate fostered primary stem development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- primary stem developmente0
- Direction
- fosterede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to a reduction in tiller numbers and fostered primary stem development”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Moving from S1 to S2 increased structural carbohydrates by 175.07 mg g −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S2e0
- Outcome
- structural carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 175.07 mg g −1e0
- Comparator
- S1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transition from S1 to S2), corresponded with a notable increase in structural carbohydrates (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) by 175.07 mg g −1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Moving from S1 to S2 increased non-structural carbohydrates by 15.54 mg g −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- non-structural carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 15.54 mg g −1e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a moderate increase in non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble sugars and starch, by 15.54 mg g −1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing and higher sowing rate elevated lignin synthesis precursor contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Delayed sowing and increased sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- precursor contents of lignin synthesise0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed sowing and increased sowing rate elevated the precursor contents of lignin synthesis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced pathway activity increased dimer and trimer content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dimer/trimer contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Enhanced metabolic activity of related pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced metabolic activity of related pathways ultimately increased dimer/trimer content”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures were important for stem stiffness breaking strength.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stem stiffness breaking strengthe0
- Qualifier
- lignin metabolites and cross-linked structurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pivotal role of lignin metabolites and cross-linked structures in determining the stem stiffness breaking strength”
t0“wheat”
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