Abstract
Root-associated endophytic fungi can create symbiotic relationships with trees to enhance stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms, especially with regard to waterlogging tolerance, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on the growth, root cross-section structure, and root transcriptional responses of peach under waterlogging stress, with a focus on polyamine and proline metabolism. Genes and transcription factors associated with secondary cell wall biosynthesis were selected, and their expression profiles were analyzed. Funneliformis mosseae significantly increased the height, stem diameter and leaf number of peach seedlings subjected to 2 weeks of waterlogging stress, whereas S. indica only significantly improved stem diameter. Both fungal species substantially increased root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stele and late metaxylem diameter, thus improving aeration within inoculated roots under waterlogging stress. Transcriptomic analysis of waterlogged roots identified 5425 and 5646 differentially expressed genes following inoculation with F. mosseae and S. indica, respectively. The arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways were enriched following fungal inoculations. Both fungi reduced the conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesis. However, S. indica promoted peptide-to-proline conversion by up-regulating the expression of PIPs. Although both fungi promoted the expression of genes involved in arginine and ornithine synthesis pathway, only F. mosseae led to increased levels of arginine and ornithine. Additionally, F. mosseae promoted the accumulation of putrescine and maintained polyamine homeostasis by down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDC. Moreover, F. mosseae facilitated the metabolism of cadaverine. In conclusion, both F. mosseae and S. indica formed symbiotic relationships with peach plants, with F. mosseae primarily improving polyamine accumulation and S. indica predominantly facilitating proline accumulation for enhanced waterlogging resistance.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Funneliformis mosseae significantly increased height, stem diameter and leaf number of waterlogged peach seedlings.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- Funneliformis mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- height, stem diameter and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Funneliformis mosseae significantly increased the height, stem diameter and leaf number of peach seedlings subjected to 2 weeks of waterlogging stress”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica significantly improved stem diameter of waterlogged peach seedlings.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas S. indica only significantly improved stem diameter”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Funneliformis mosseae increased root and stele diameters and late metaxylem number and diameter in waterlogged peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Funneliformis mosseaet1
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaet1symbiont
- Outcome
- root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stelee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both fungal species substantially increased root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stele and late metaxylem diameter”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Serendipita indica increased root and stele diameters and late metaxylem number and diameter in waterlogged peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Serendipita indicat1
- Interactor
- Serendipita indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stelee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both fungal species substantially increased root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stele and late metaxylem diameter”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal changes to peach root anatomy improved aeration under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- aeration within inoculated rootse0
- Qualifier
- under waterlogging stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus improving aeration within inoculated roots under waterlogging stress”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae inoculation yielded 5425 differentially expressed genes in waterlogged peach roots.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese0
- Value
- 5425e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis of waterlogged roots identified 5425 and 5646 differentially expressed genes following inoculation with F. mosseae and S. indica, respectively”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica inoculation yielded 5646 differentially expressed genes in waterlogged peach roots.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese0
- Value
- 5646e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis of waterlogged roots identified 5425 and 5646 differentially expressed genes following inoculation with F. mosseae and S. indica, respectively”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways were enriched after fungal inoculation.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathwayse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways were enriched following fungal inoculations”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fungi reduced conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesis.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both fungi reduced the conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesis”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica promoted peptide-to-proline conversion through increased PIPs expression.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Gene
- PIPse0
- Outcome
- peptide-to-proline conversione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. indica promoted peptide-to-proline conversion by up-regulating the expression of PIPs”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fungi promoted expression of arginine and ornithine synthesis genes.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in arginine and ornithine synthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both fungi promoted the expression of genes involved in arginine and ornithine synthesis pathway”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Only F. mosseae increased arginine and ornithine levels.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of arginine and ornithinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only F. mosseae led to increased levels of arginine and ornithine”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae promoted putrescine accumulation.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of putrescinee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. mosseae promoted the accumulation of putrescine”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae maintained polyamine homeostasis by down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDC.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Gene
- PAO2 and SAMDCe0
- Outcome
- polyamine homeostasise0
- Qualifier
- down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintained polyamine homeostasis by down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDC”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae facilitated cadaverine metabolism.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- metabolism of cadaverinee0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. mosseae facilitated the metabolism of cadaverine”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fungi formed symbiotic relationships with peach.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiotic relationships with peach plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both F. mosseae and S. indica formed symbiotic relationships with peach plants”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae primarily improved polyamine accumulation for waterlogging resistance.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- polyamine accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. mosseae primarily improving polyamine accumulation and S. indica predominantly facilitating proline accumulation for enhanced waterlogging resistance”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica predominantly facilitated proline accumulation for waterlogging resistance.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- facilitatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. indica predominantly facilitating proline accumulation for enhanced waterlogging resistance”
t0“peach”
t1“Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica”
The same questions in other papers
Funneliformis mosseae · growth · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.