Abstract
Maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. is one of the most serious pests of maize in Bangladesh as well as worldwide. This pest was controlled using a lot of techniques. A field research was conducted at the Entomology Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of October 2022 to March 2023 in order to investigate the impact of different techniques of weeding and nitrogen levels on morpho-physiological traits, yield and yield attributes of maize with aphid infestation. The experiment comprised three techniques of weeding (viz., W1=No weeding, W2= one time of weeding at 20 DAS and W3= two times of weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and nitrogen levels (N1=240kg/ha, N2= 250kg/ha and N3= 260kg/ha at respective days of weeding). BARI hybrid butta-9 was used as an experimental crop. The two-factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. From the results of this study, it revealed that the application of single or combined methods of weeding and nitrogen levels adversely affected on aphid infestation in plants, which ultimately caused a significant increase in grain yield per hectare. Among different tested techniques, the combined two-times application of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2) significantly influenced on the highest plant height, maximum length & diameter without husk, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob, and consequently, increased yield of BARI Hybrid butta-9 through the highest suppressing of aphid infestation. In case of the single effect, weeding (W3) and nitrogen (N2) was the best practice than others, where returned higher yield and the lowest infestation. Correlation and regression coefficients, path analysis was carried out based on average plant character values and percentage of aphid infestation. The results from correlation coefficient indicated that all parameters are shown positive correlation with each other except plant infestation caused by aphid. Among the seven variables, plant height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob and 100 seed weight had more direct effects than their indirect effect while cob length and diameter without husk had more indirect effects than their direct effects on aphid infestation. It is evidence from aphid infestation model that in case of maize the plant that contained higher plant height, higher length & diameter of cob without husk, maximum number of grain row per cob, higher number of grains per cob, maximum weight of grain & 100 seed weight and the highest yield of maize can easily minimize the infestation of aphid. Based on the results of this research, therefore, it may be concluded that to obtain a higher yield of maize through suppressing aphid infestation, it should be applied two times of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha in the research area.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Single or combined weeding and nitrogen methods reduced maize aphid infestation.
- Treatment
- single or combined methods of weeding and nitrogen levelse0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid infestatione0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of single or combined methods of weeding and nitrogen levels adversely affected on aphid infestation in plants”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Management increased maize grain yield significantly through aphid suppression.
- Treatment
- single or combined methods of weeding and nitrogen levelse0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- grain yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of single or combined methods of weeding and nitrogen levels adversely affected on aphid infestation in plants, which ultimately caused a significant increase in grain yield per hectare.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined W3 and N2 produced the highest maize plant height and maximum cob length and diameter without husk.
- Treatment
- weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, maximum length & diameter without huske0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined two-times application of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2) significantly influenced on the highest plant height, maximum length & diameter without husk”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined W3 and N2 significantly affected grain rows, grains and grain weight per cob.
- Treatment
- weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)e0
- Outcome
- number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cobe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined two-times application of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2) significantly influenced on the highest plant height, maximum length & diameter without husk, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined W3 and N2 increased BARI Hybrid butta-9 yield.
- Material
- BARI Hybrid butta-9e1
- Treatment
- weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)e0
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)”
e1“increased yield of BARI Hybrid butta-9 through the highest suppressing of aphid infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined W3 and N2 gave the greatest aphid suppression.
- Treatment
- weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)e0
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid infestatione1
- Direction
- highest suppressinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed (W3) and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha (N2)”
e1“the highest suppressing of aphid infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Single W3 weeding gave higher yield than other practices.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of the single effect, weeding (W3) and nitrogen (N2) was the best practice than others, where returned higher yield and the lowest infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Single W3 weeding gave the lowest infestation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of the single effect, weeding (W3) and nitrogen (N2) was the best practice than others, where returned higher yield and the lowest infestation.”
e1“plant infestation caused by aphid”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Single N2 nitrogen gave higher yield than other practices.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of the single effect, weeding (W3) and nitrogen (N2) was the best practice than others, where returned higher yield and the lowest infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Single N2 nitrogen gave the lowest infestation.
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N2)e0
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of the single effect, weeding (W3) and nitrogen (N2) was the best practice than others, where returned higher yield and the lowest infestation.”
e1“plant infestation caused by aphid”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant parameters correlated positively with each other, except aphid infestation.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- all parameterse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- except plant infestation caused by aphide0
- Comparator
- each othere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results from correlation coefficient indicated that all parameters are shown positive correlation with each other except plant infestation caused by aphid.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, grain rows and grains per cob had larger direct than indirect effects on infestation in path analysis.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- direct effectse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- plant height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cobe0
- Comparator
- indirect effecte0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the seven variables, plant height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob and 100 seed weight had more direct effects than their indirect effect while cob length and diameter without husk had more indirect effects than their direct effects on aphid infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight per cob and 100 seed weight had larger direct than indirect effects on infestation in path analysis.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- direct effectse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- grain weight per cob and 100 seed weighte0
- Comparator
- indirect effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain weight per cob and 100 seed weight had more direct effects than their indirect effect while cob length and diameter without husk had more indirect effects than their direct effects on aphid infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Cob length and diameter had larger indirect than direct effects on infestation in path analysis.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- indirect effectse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- cob length and diameter without huske0
- Comparator
- direct effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cob length and diameter without husk had more indirect effects than their direct effects on aphid infestation.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The infestation model indicated taller plants with larger cob length and diameter could minimize aphid infestation.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of aphide0
- Direction
- minimizee0
- Qualifier
- higher plant height, higher length & diameter of cob without huske0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is evidence from aphid infestation model that in case of maize the plant that contained higher plant height, higher length & diameter of cob without husk, maximum number of grain row per cob, higher number of grains per cob, maximum weight of grain & 100 seed weight and the highest yield of maize can easily minimize the infestation of aphid.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model indicated more grain rows and grains per cob could minimize infestation.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of aphide0
- Direction
- minimizee0
- Qualifier
- maximum number of grain row per cob, higher number of grains per cobe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum number of grain row per cob, higher number of grains per cob, maximum weight of grain & 100 seed weight and the highest yield of maize can easily minimize the infestation of aphid.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model indicated higher grain and 100 seed weights and yield could minimize infestation.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of aphide0
- Direction
- minimizee0
- Qualifier
- maximum weight of grain & 100 seed weight and the highest yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum weight of grain & 100 seed weight and the highest yield of maize can easily minimize the infestation of aphid.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend weeding at 20 and 40 days and 250 kg/ha nitrogen for yield and aphid suppression.
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- two times of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to obtain a higher yield of maize through suppressing aphid infestation, it should be applied two times of weeding at 20 & 40 days after the sowing of seed and nitrogen at rate of 250 kg/ha in the research area.”
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