Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum is known for enhancing crop productivity, and zinc is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Zinc deficiency can hinder plant growth and reduce yields, which highlights the importance of adequate zinc availability for optimal crop development. Therefore, a trail was conducted during the summer of 2023 at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, to investigate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum and varying zinc levels on maize. Trichoderma spp. treatment with a control plot was assigned to the main plots, whereas various levels of zinc (0, 6, 12, and 18 kg ha⁻¹) were applied to the sub-plots. Findings demonstrated that delayed tasselling (56.4), increased ears plant-1 (1.70), plant stature (211.8 cm), maturity days (108.2), weight of ear (198.5 g), grain rows ear-1 (12.9), grains ear-1 (511.1), thousand grain weight (292.5 g), biological and grain yield (13604.2 kg ha-1 and 4844.2 kg ha-1), grain zinc content (28.3 mg kg-1 ) was associated with Trichoderma application. Likewise, results revealed that 18 kg ha-1 positively delayed tasselling (57.6), increased ears plant-1 (1.86), plant height (213.5 cm), days to maturity (110.7), ear weight (204 g), grain rows ear-1 (12.7), grains ear-1 (524.9), thousand grain weight (312.6 g), biological and grain yield (13721 kg ha-1 and 5148 kg ha-1) over control plots. Nutrient content was improved with 18 kg ha-1 zinc that was statistically at par with 16 kg ha-1 zinc. Thus, applying Trichoderma harzianum combined with zinc at 18 kg ha⁻¹ improved the yield and yield characteristics of maize, making it a recommended practice for climatic conditions of Peshawar.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application was associated with a grain yield of 4844.2 kg ha-1 in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae1other - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 4844.2 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological and grain yield (13604.2 kg ha-1 and 4844.2 kg ha-1)”
e1“was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application was associated with a biological yield of 13604.2 kg ha-1 in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1other
- Outcome
- biological and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 13604.2 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological and grain yield (13604.2 kg ha-1 and 4844.2 kg ha-1)”
e1“was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application was associated with a grain zinc content of 28.3 mg kg-1 in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0other
- Outcome
- grain zinc contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 28.3 mg kg-1e0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain zinc content (28.3 mg kg-1 ) was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application was associated with a thousand grain weight of 292.5 g in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1other
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 292.5 ge0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thousand grain weight (292.5 g)”
e1“was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application delayed tasselling (56.4) and was associated with more ears per plant (1.70), plant stature of 211.8 cm and 108.2 days to maturity in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1other
- Outcome
- delayed tassellinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 56.4e0
- Qualifier
- increased ears plant-1 (1.70), plant stature (211.8 cm), maturity days (108.2)e0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed tasselling (56.4), increased ears plant-1 (1.70), plant stature (211.8 cm), maturity days (108.2)”
e1“was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma application was associated with ear weight of 198.5 g, 12.9 grain rows per ear and 511.1 grains per ear in maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applicatione1
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1other
- Outcome
- weight of eare0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 198.5 ge0
- Qualifier
- grain rows ear-1 (12.9), grains ear-1 (511.1)e0
- Comparator
- control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weight of ear (198.5 g), grain rows ear-1 (12.9), grains ear-1 (511.1)”
e1“was associated with Trichoderma application”
e2“a control plot”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient content was improved with 18 kg ha-1 zinc, statistically at par with 16 kg ha-1 zinc.
- Treatment
- 18 kg ha-1 zince0
- Outcome
- Nutrient contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- statistically at pare0
- Comparator
- 16 kg ha-1 zince0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient content was improved with 18 kg ha-1 zinc that was statistically at par with 16 kg ha-1 zinc”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Trichoderma harzianum combined with zinc at 18 kg ha-1 improved the yield and yield characteristics of maize.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum combined with zinc at 18 kg ha⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0other
- Outcome
- yield and yield characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying Trichoderma harzianum combined with zinc at 18 kg ha⁻¹ improved the yield and yield characteristics of maize”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Trichoderma harzianum with zinc at 18 kg ha-1 as a practice for the climatic conditions of Peshawar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“making it a recommended practice for climatic conditions of Peshawar”
t0“MAIZE”
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