Abstract
Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.); however, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. Herein, we grafted three varieties-Malus sieversii, Hanfu and Fuji-onto M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem rootstocks and employed high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate how physiological traits of scion leaves influence endophytic microbiota and apple tree growth. Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased, with the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance rising by 20.40% and 42.26%, respectively. Additionally, the leaves of the Hanfu scion exhibited a significant increase in sucrose synthase activity and carbon accumulation (CA) compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions, while the carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) significantly decreased. Furthermore, through 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing, we found that the diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the leaves of the Hanfu scion were higher than in the M. sieversii and Fuji scions. Hanfu scion leaves were predominantly enriched with the phyla Firmicutes and Ascomycota and the genus Salinicoccus. A close association was observed between leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities and physiological traits, with particularly significant correlations in the fungal communities. Parameters such as leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, chlorophyll b content, C/N and CA were implicated in enriching dominant endophytic microbial phyla and genera. Through partial least squares structural equation models, we confirmed that leaf photosynthetic properties and carbon and nitrogen metabolism significantly affect leaf carbon and nitrogen accumulation through the regulation of endophytic fungal diversity, thereby affecting apple tree growth. In conclusion, the interaction between leaf physiological properties of different scion varieties and the diversity and composition of endophytic microbial communities influences apple tree growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion increased by 49.28% compared with the M. sieversii scion
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Hanfue1
- Organ / stage
- juvenile treese1
- Treatment
- grafted with the Hanfu scione1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- +49.28%e1
- Qualifier
- abovegrounde1
- Comparator
- M. sieversii scione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion increased by 62.77% compared with the M. sieversii scion
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfue1
- Organ / stage
- juvenile treese1
- Treatment
- grafted with the Hanfu scione1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- +62.77%e1
- Qualifier
- roote1
- Comparator
- M. sieversii scione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate of Hanfu scion leaves rose by 20.40% compared with the M. sieversii scion
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfue1
- Treatment
- grafted with the Hanfu scione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- risinge2
- Value
- 20.40%e2
- Comparator
- M. sieversii scione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased”
e2“with the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance rising by 20.40% and 42.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance of Hanfu scion leaves rose by 42.26% compared with the M. sieversii scion
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfue1
- Treatment
- grafted with the Hanfu scione1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- risinge2
- Value
- 42.26%e2
- Comparator
- M. sieversii scione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased”
e2“with the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance rising by 20.40% and 42.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose synthase activity in Hanfu scion leaves increased compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfu scione3
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Hanfu scione3
- Outcome
- sucrose synthase activitye3
- Direction
- significant increasee3
- Comparator
- M. sieversii and Fuji scionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e3“the leaves of the Hanfu scion exhibited a significant increase in sucrose synthase activity and carbon accumulation (CA) compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon accumulation in Hanfu scion leaves increased compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfu scione3
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Hanfu scione3
- Outcome
- carbon accumulation (CA)e3
- Direction
- significant increasee3
- Comparator
- M. sieversii and Fuji scionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e3“the leaves of the Hanfu scion exhibited a significant increase in sucrose synthase activity and carbon accumulation (CA) compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio decreased in Hanfu scion leaves compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfu scione3
- Treatment
- Hanfu scione3
- Outcome
- carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N)e4
- Direction
- significantly decreasede4
- Comparator
- M. sieversii and Fuji scionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e3“the leaves of the Hanfu scion exhibited a significant increase in sucrose synthase activity and carbon accumulation (CA) compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions”
e4“the carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) significantly decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria and fungi in Hanfu scion leaves were higher than in the M. sieversii and Fuji scions
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfu scione5
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- Hanfu scione5
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteria and fungie5symbiont
- Outcome
- diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria and fungie5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- M. sieversii and Fuji scionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e5“the diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the leaves of the Hanfu scion were higher than in the M. sieversii and Fuji scions”
Claim · model-written summary
Hanfu scion leaves were predominantly enriched with the phyla Firmicutes and Ascomycota and the genus Salinicoccus
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Hanfue6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Interactor
- Firmicutes and Ascomycota and the genus Salinicoccuse6symbiont
- Outcome
- enriched with the phyla Firmicutes and Ascomycotae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Hanfu scion leaves were predominantly enriched with the phyla Firmicutes and Ascomycota and the genus Salinicoccus”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities are closely associated with leaf physiological traits
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communitiese7symbiont
- Outcome
- physiological traitse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e7“A close association was observed between leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities and physiological traits, with particularly significant correlations in the fungal communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlations between leaf physiology and endophytic fungal communities are particularly significant
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- fungal communitiese7symbiont
- Outcome
- correlations in the fungal communitiese7
- Direction
- particularly significante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e7“A close association was observed between leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities and physiological traits, with particularly significant correlations in the fungal communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf intercellular CO2, chlorophyll b, C/N and carbon accumulation were implicated in enriching dominant endophytic phyla and genera
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, chlorophyll b content, C/N and CAe1
- Outcome
- enriching dominant endophytic microbial phyla and generae1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Parameters such as leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, chlorophyll b content, C/N and CA were implicated in enriching dominant endophytic microbial phyla and genera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf photosynthetic properties and carbon and nitrogen metabolism affect leaf carbon and nitrogen accumulation through endophytic fungal diversity, thereby affecting apple tree growth
- Taxon
- apple treeMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- leaf carbon and nitrogen accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- through the regulation of endophytic fungal diversitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we confirmed that leaf photosynthetic properties and carbon and nitrogen metabolism significantly affect leaf carbon and nitrogen accumulation through the regulation of endophytic fungal diversity, thereby affecting apple tree growth”
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See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.