Abstract
Field experiment was performed throughout two summer seasons 2022 and 2023 at El -Hamoal, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt to explore the effect of phosphogypsum and agrochemical sulfur alone as well as their dual treatment in the main plots, in addition, applied of glycine betaine and ascorbic acid as plant spraying in the subplots on enhancing some physiochemical characteristics of saline-sodic soil, cotton production and some biochemical constituents.The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replicates.The obtained results could be summed up as follow: The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density, but enhanced total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and wilting point in both seasons.Additionally, all the used materials caused an increment in soil available phosphorus and the concentration of soluble calcium, magnesium ions.Meanwhile, it reduced soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble sodium ion in both seasons compared to untreated salinized plots.On contrast, the values of previous characters were not affected with foliar treatments singly during two seasons relative to control.Furthermore, data showed that all the used treatments increased seed germination % and plant growth parameters, Leaf chemical composition and Yield & its components.Regarding effects of stress mitigators, results revealed that glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids.Also, improved all studied growth parameters, number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant, and yield and its components, number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bolls and yield of seed cotton compared to control.Generally, glycine betaine was more effective than ascorbic acid in improving plant growth and yield.It could be concluded from these results that foliar spraying with glycine betaine and ascorbic acid positively mitigated the adverse effects on cotton growth and yield under salt stress.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum and sulfur significantly reduced soil bulk density.
- Treatment
- two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur)e1
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- El -Hamoal, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypte2
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density”
e2“Field experiment was performed throughout two summer seasons 2022 and 2023 at El -Hamoal, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum and sulfur enhanced soil total porosity and hydraulic conductivity in both seasons.
- Treatment
- two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur)e1
- Outcome
- total porosity, hydraulic conductivitye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density, but enhanced total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and wilting point in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum and sulfur enhanced soil field capacity and wilting point in both seasons.
- Treatment
- two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur)e1
- Outcome
- field capacity and wilting pointe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density, but enhanced total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and wilting point in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
All the used materials increased soil available phosphorus and soluble calcium and magnesium ions.
- Treatment
- all the used materialse1
- Outcome
- soil available phosphorus and the concentration of soluble calcium, magnesium ionse1
- Direction
- incremente1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“Additionally, all the used materials caused an increment in soil available phosphorus and the concentration of soluble calcium, magnesium ions”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum and sulfur reduced soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage and electrical conductivity in both seasons compared with untreated salinized plots.
- Treatment
- two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur)e2
- Outcome
- soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, electrical conductivitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse1
- Comparator
- untreated salinized plotse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, it reduced soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble sodium ion in both seasons compared to untreated salinized plots”
e2“The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum and sulfur reduced the concentration of soluble sodium ion in both seasons compared with untreated salinized plots.
- Treatment
- two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur)e2
- Outcome
- the concentration of soluble sodium ione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse1
- Comparator
- untreated salinized plotse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, it reduced soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble sodium ion in both seasons compared to untreated salinized plots”
e2“The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments alone did not affect the soil characters relative to control in two seasons.
- Treatment
- foliar treatments singlye1
- Outcome
- the values of previous characterse1
- Direction
- not affectede1
- Qualifier
- during two seasonse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“On contrast, the values of previous characters were not affected with foliar treatments singly during two seasons relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
All the used treatments increased cotton seed germination percentage and plant growth parameters.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- all the used treatmentse1
- Outcome
- seed germination % and plant growth parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e1“Furthermore, data showed that all the used treatments increased seed germination % and plant growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
All the used treatments increased leaf chemical composition of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- all the used treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Leaf chemical compositione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e2“Furthermore, data showed that all the used treatments increased seed germination % and plant growth parameters, Leaf chemical composition and Yield & its components”
Claim · model-written summary
All the used treatments increased cotton yield and its components.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- all the used treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Yield & its componentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e2“Furthermore, data showed that all the used treatments increased seed germination % and plant growth parameters, Leaf chemical composition and Yield & its components”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophylls in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- glycine betaine or ascorbic acide1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyllse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e1“Regarding effects of stress mitigators, results revealed that glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf carotenoids in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- glycine betaine or ascorbic acide1
- Outcome
- carotenoidse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e1“Regarding effects of stress mitigators, results revealed that glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or ascorbic acid improved number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant of cotton compared with control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- glycine betaine or ascorbic acide2
- Outcome
- number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plante1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Also, improved all studied growth parameters, number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant, and yield and its components, number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bolls and yield of seed cotton compared to control”
e2“glycine betaine or ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or ascorbic acid improved number of setting bolls, boll weight and number of open bolls of cotton compared with control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- glycine betaine or ascorbic acide2
- Outcome
- number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bollse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Also, improved all studied growth parameters, number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant, and yield and its components, number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bolls and yield of seed cotton compared to control”
e2“glycine betaine or ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or ascorbic acid improved seed cotton yield compared with control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- glycine betaine or ascorbic acide2
- Outcome
- yield of seed cottone1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Also, improved all studied growth parameters, number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant, and yield and its components, number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bolls and yield of seed cotton compared to control”
e2“glycine betaine or ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine was more effective than ascorbic acid in improving cotton plant growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glycine betainee3
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Comparator
- ascorbic acide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton production”
e3“Generally, glycine betaine was more effective than ascorbic acid in improving plant growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with glycine betaine and ascorbic acid positively mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress on cotton growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with glycine betaine and ascorbic acide4
- Outcome
- adverse effects on cotton growth and yielde4
- Direction
- positively mitigatede4
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“It could be concluded from these results that foliar spraying with glycine betaine and ascorbic acid positively mitigated the adverse effects on cotton growth and yield under salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →glycine betaine · physiology: pigments · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ascorbic acid · physiology: pigments · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glycine betaine · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ascorbic acid · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ascorbic acid · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →other · molecular: metabolites · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →other · soil: chemistry · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.