Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder affecting crop production worldwide, leading to stunted growth, reduced yields and decreased nutritional value. Traditional iron fertilizers have limitations, such as low solubility, poor mobility and potential environmental toxicity. Biosynthesized iron nanoparticles have emerged as a promising alternative to address these challenges. These nanoparticles are synthesized using microorganisms offering a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Methods: The iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized through Pseudomonas and actinobacteria and characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, particle size analyzer (PSA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), (EDX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Biosynthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles were done in Green Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Result: Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1), which was on par with seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through Pseudomonas (T3) and commercial iron nanoparticles (T9).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment increased plant height to 96.28 cm.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 96.28 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher number of tillers per meter row length of 173.00.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- number of tillers per meter row lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 173.00e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher leaf area of 73.45 dm2 m row length-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 73.45 dm2 m row length-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher leaf area index of 3.26.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.26e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher total dry matter production of 368.34 g m row length-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- total dry matter productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 368.34 g m row length-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher productive spikes per square meter of 253.67 m-2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- productive spikes per square metere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 253.67 m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher number of grains per spike of 48.23.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 48.23e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher grain weight per spike of 1.80 g.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.80 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher 1,000 grain weight of 42.19 g.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- 1,000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42.19 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher grain yield of 4563 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4563 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria-derived iron nanoparticle treatment gave significantly higher straw yield of 6357 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteriae0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6357 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seed priming at 250 ppm and foliar spraying at 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with iron nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria (T6) recorded significantly higher plant height (96.28 cm), number of tillers per meter row length (173.00), leaf area (73.45 dm2 m row length-1), leaf area index (3.26), total dry matter production (368.34 g m row length-1), productive spikes per square meter (253.67 m-2), number of grains per spike (48.23), grain weight per spike (1.80 g), 1,000 grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4563 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6357 kg ha-1)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.