Abstract
This study aimed to manage pink ear rot disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides and to evaluate the impact of tested treatments on maize yield parameters which applied as sprays either once, twice, or three times. Single applications of treatments like Bacillus subtilis, garlic oil, camphor oil, and chitosan were generally ineffective, while Topsin-M70 fungicide reduced disease severity by 25.02%. When applied twice, chitosan was most effective, reducing disease severity by 46.44%, followed by nano-chitosan, camphor oil, and fungicide Topsin-M70. When applied three times, fungicide Topsin-M70 showed the most effective, reducing disease severity by 84.62%, with Bacillus subtilis, nano-chitosan, and camphor oil also performed well. Repeated applications of Trichoderma harzianum, carnation oil, and garlic oil increased disease severity. Also, the study evaluated the impact of tested treatments on maize yield parameters. Results indicated that nano-chitosan and camphor oil were the most effective in enhancing yield parameters such as the number of rows per ear, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield per plant, with nano-chitosan showing the highest improvements across most parameters. Fungicide Topsin-M70 also demonstrated significant efficacy, particularly in grain yield per plant. Overall, multiple applications of the treatments led to greater improvements in maize yield parameters.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
One spray of Bacillus subtilis was generally ineffective against pink ear rot.
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Pink Ear Rot Diseaset1
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Single applications of treatments like Bacillus subtilis, garlic oil, camphor oil, and chitosan were generally ineffective”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
One garlic oil spray was generally ineffective.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Single applications of treatments like Bacillus subtilis, garlic oil, camphor oil, and chitosan were generally ineffective”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
One camphor oil spray was generally ineffective.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Single applications of treatments like Bacillus subtilis, garlic oil, camphor oil, and chitosan were generally ineffective”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
One chitosan spray was generally ineffective.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Single applications of treatments like Bacillus subtilis, garlic oil, camphor oil, and chitosan were generally ineffective”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
One Topsin-M70 spray reduced disease severity by 25.02%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Topsin-M70 fungicide reduced disease severity by 25.02%”
Claim · model-written summary
Two chitosan sprays reduced disease severity by 46.44%.
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 46.44%e0
- Qualifier
- When applied twicee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“When applied twice, chitosan was most effective, reducing disease severity by 46.44%”
Claim · model-written summary
Two nano-chitosan sprays followed chitosan in disease control efficacy.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“followed by nano-chitosan, camphor oil, and fungicide Topsin-M70”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Two camphor oil sprays followed chitosan in disease control efficacy.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“followed by nano-chitosan, camphor oil, and fungicide Topsin-M70”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Topsin-M70 sprays followed chitosan in disease control efficacy.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“followed by nano-chitosan, camphor oil, and fungicide Topsin-M70”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Topsin-M70 sprays reduced disease severity by 84.62%.
- Treatment
- fungicide Topsin-M70e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 84.62%e0
- Qualifier
- When applied three timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“When applied three times, fungicide Topsin-M70 showed the most effective, reducing disease severity by 84.62%”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Bacillus subtilis sprays also performed well against disease.
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Pink Ear Rot Diseaset1
- Direction
- performed welle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“with Bacillus subtilis, nano-chitosan, and camphor oil also performed well”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nano-chitosan sprays also performed well against disease.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“with Bacillus subtilis, nano-chitosan, and camphor oil also performed well”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Three camphor oil sprays also performed well against disease.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“with Bacillus subtilis, nano-chitosan, and camphor oil also performed well”
t1“Pink Ear Rot Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated Trichoderma harzianum applications increased disease severity.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Repeated applications of Trichoderma harzianum, carnation oil, and garlic oil increased disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated carnation oil applications increased disease severity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Repeated applications of Trichoderma harzianum, carnation oil, and garlic oil increased disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated garlic oil applications increased disease severity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Repeated applications of Trichoderma harzianum, carnation oil, and garlic oil increased disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-chitosan enhanced maize yield parameters and gave the highest improvements across most parameters.
- Treatment
- nano-chitosane0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- highest improvements across most parameterse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano-chitosan and camphor oil were the most effective in enhancing yield parameters such as the number of rows per ear, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield per plant, with nano-chitosan showing the highest improvements across most parameters”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Camphor oil enhanced maize yield parameters.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“nano-chitosan and camphor oil were the most effective in enhancing yield parameters such as the number of rows per ear, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Topsin-M70 significantly improved grain yield per plant.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Fungicide Topsin-M70 also demonstrated significant efficacy, particularly in grain yield per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple treatment applications improved maize yield parameters more.
- Treatment
- multiple applications of the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- maize yield parameterse0
- Direction
- greater improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“multiple applications of the treatments led to greater improvements in maize yield parameters”
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