Abstract
Fertilizer nitrogen (FN) recovery, and changes in nitrogen (N) and dry weight partitioning were studied over three fruiting seasons in June-bearing strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch. `Totem') grown in a matted row system. Fertilizer nitrogen treatments were initiated in 1999, the year after planting. The standard ammonium nitrate N application at renovation (55 kg·ha -1 of N) was compared to treatments where additional N was applied. Supplemental treatments included both ground-applied granular ammonium nitrate (28 kg·ha -1 of N) applied early in the season and foliar urea [5% (weight/volume); 16 kg·ha -1 of N] applied early in the season and after renovation. When labeled N was applied (eight of nine treatments) it was applied only once. The impact of no FN from the second through the third fruiting season was also evaluated. Fertilizer nitrogen treatment had no impact on total plant dry weight, total plant N, yield or fruit quality from the first through the third fruiting seasons. Net dry matter accumulation in the first fruiting season was 2 t·ha -1 not including the 4 t·ha -1 of dry matter removed when leaves were mowed during the renovation process. Seasonal plant dry weight and N accumulation decreased as the planting aged. Net nitrogen accumulation was estimated at 40 kg·ha -1 from spring growth to dormancy in the first fruiting season (including 30 kg·ha -1 in harvested fruit, but not including the 52 kg·ha -1 of N lost at renovation). Recovery of fertilizer N ranged from 42% to 63% for the broadcast granular applications and 15% to 52% for the foliar FN applications, depending on rate and timing. Fertilizer N from spring applications (granular or foliar) was predominantly partitioned to leaves and reproductive tissues. A large portion of the spring applied FN was lost when plants were mowed at renovation. Maximum fertilizer use efficiency was 42% for a granular 55 kg·ha -1 application at renovation, but declined to 42% just before plant growth the following spring, likely a result of FN loss in leaves that senesced. In June, ≈30% of the N in strawberry plants was derived from FN that was applied at renovation the previous season, depending on year. This stored FN was reallocated to reproductive tissues (22% to 35%) and leaves (43% to 53%), depending on year. Applying fertilizer after renovation increased the amount of remobilized N to new growth the following spring. The following June, 15% of plant nitrogen was derived from fertilizer applied at renovation 2 years prior.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen treatments had no reported impact on plant dry weight, plant nitrogen, and yield.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- total plant dry weight, total plant N, yielde0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer nitrogen treatment had no impact on total plant dry weight, total plant N, yield or fruit quality from the first through the third fruiting seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen treatments had no reported impact on fruit quality.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Fertilizer nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer nitrogen treatment had no impact on total plant dry weight, total plant N, yield or fruit quality from the first through the third fruiting seasons.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Net dry matter accumulation in the first fruiting season was 2 t·ha -1.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Net dry matter accumulatione0
- Value
- 2 t·ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- first fruiting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net dry matter accumulation in the first fruiting season was 2 t·ha -1 not including the 4 t·ha -1 of dry matter removed when leaves were mowed during the renovation process.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf mowing at renovation removed 4 t·ha -1 dry matter.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- leaves were mowede0
- Outcome
- dry matter removede0
- Value
- 4 t·ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net dry matter accumulation in the first fruiting season was 2 t·ha -1 not including the 4 t·ha -1 of dry matter removed when leaves were mowed during the renovation process.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal plant dry weight and nitrogen accumulation decreased with planting age.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- plant dry weight and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- as the planting agede0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal plant dry weight and N accumulation decreased as the planting aged.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Net nitrogen accumulation was 40 kg·ha -1.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Net nitrogen accumulatione0
- Value
- 40 kg·ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net nitrogen accumulation was estimated at 40 kg·ha -1 from spring growth to dormancy in the first fruiting season (including 30 kg·ha -1 in harvested fruit, but not including the 52 kg·ha -1 of N lost at renovation).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
harvested fruit was 30 kg·ha -1.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- harvested fruite0
- Value
- 30 kg·ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net nitrogen accumulation was estimated at 40 kg·ha -1 from spring growth to dormancy in the first fruiting season (including 30 kg·ha -1 in harvested fruit, but not including the 52 kg·ha -1 of N lost at renovation).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
N lost at renovation was 52 kg·ha -1.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- N lost at renovatione0
- Value
- 52 kg·ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net nitrogen accumulation was estimated at 40 kg·ha -1 from spring growth to dormancy in the first fruiting season (including 30 kg·ha -1 in harvested fruit, but not including the 52 kg·ha -1 of N lost at renovation).”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery for broadcast granular applications ranged 42% to 63%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- broadcast granular applicationse0
- Outcome
- Recovery of fertilizer Ne0
- Value
- 42% to 63%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of fertilizer N ranged from 42% to 63% for the broadcast granular applications and 15% to 52% for the foliar FN applications, depending on rate and timing.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery for foliar FN applications ranged 15% to 52%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- foliar FN applicationse0
- Outcome
- Recovery of fertilizer Ne0
- Value
- 15% to 52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of fertilizer N ranged from 42% to 63% for the broadcast granular applications and 15% to 52% for the foliar FN applications, depending on rate and timing.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring-applied fertilizer nitrogen was mainly partitioned to leaves and reproductive tissues.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- spring applicationse0
- Outcome
- partitioned to leaves and reproductive tissuese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N from spring applications (granular or foliar) was predominantly partitioned to leaves and reproductive tissues.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
A large portion of spring-applied fertilizer nitrogen was lost at renovation mowing.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- plants were mowed at renovatione0
- Outcome
- spring applied FN was loste0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A large portion of the spring applied FN was lost when plants were mowed at renovation.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum fertilizer use efficiency was 42% after granular application at renovation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- granular 55 kg·ha -1 application at renovatione0
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiencye0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 42%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum fertilizer use efficiency was 42% for a granular 55 kg·ha -1 application at renovation, but declined to 42% just before plant growth the following spring, likely a result of FN loss in leaves that senesced.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer use efficiency was reported to decline to 42% before spring growth.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Qualifier
- just before plant growth the following springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum fertilizer use efficiency was 42% for a granular 55 kg·ha -1 application at renovation, but declined to 42% just before plant growth the following spring, likely a result of FN loss in leaves that senesced.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
About 30% of strawberry plant nitrogen in June came from fertilizer applied at the previous renovation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- N in strawberry plantse0
- Value
- ≈30%e0
- Qualifier
- depending on yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In June, ≈30% of the N in strawberry plants was derived from FN that was applied at renovation the previous season, depending on year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored fertilizer nitrogen was reallocated to reproductive tissues at 22% to 35%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive tissuese0
- Outcome
- stored FN was reallocatede0
- Value
- 22% to 35%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This stored FN was reallocated to reproductive tissues (22% to 35%) and leaves (43% to 53%), depending on year.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored fertilizer nitrogen was reallocated to leaves at 43% to 53%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- stored FN was reallocatede0
- Value
- 43% to 53%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This stored FN was reallocated to reproductive tissues (22% to 35%) and leaves (43% to 53%), depending on year.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer after renovation increased remobilized nitrogen in new spring growth.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Applying fertilizer after renovatione0
- Outcome
- amount of remobilized N to new growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying fertilizer after renovation increased the amount of remobilized N to new growth the following spring.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer applied two years previously supplied 15% of plant nitrogen the following June.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- plant nitrogene0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- fertilizer applied at renovation 2 years priore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The following June, 15% of plant nitrogen was derived from fertilizer applied at renovation 2 years prior.”
t0“strawberry”
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