Paper · 2025 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Enhancing wheat productivity and nutrient use efficiency through agronomic fortification with zinc and iron in typic fluvents soils

Rahmat Gul; Meenakshi Gupta; Rajeev Bharat; et al.

13
claims
26
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

An investigation was conducted at SKUAST Jammu, during winter seasons of 2020–22, in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with three varieties and six Zn and Fe levels. WH 1105 recorded significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield than HD-3086 but remained statistically at par with WB-02. However, Zn and Fe uptake as well as Zn and Fe use efficiencies were higher in WB-02. Grain yield of wheat variety WH 1105 showed mean increase of 2.65 and 29.0% over WB-02 and HD-3086, respectively. Among Zn and Fe levels, significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield were reported to be higher with application of Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated FeSO4 @1.5% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages. Increase in grain yield was to the tune of 10.3% over recommended NPK application. Contrarily, Zn uptake and agronomic efficiency were found to be higher with Rec. NPK + soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 with foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 0.75% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages and Fe uptake and agronomic efficiency were maximum with Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @1.0% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages. The correlation analysis revealed that a number of tillers per square meter, test weight, grain zinc, and iron content showed significant positive correlations with grain yield.

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Claims 13

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

WH 1105 had higher yield-attributing characters than HD-3086 and was at par with WB-02.

Material
WH 1105e0
Outcome
yield-attributing characterse0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
HD-3086e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“WH 1105 recorded significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield than HD-3086 but remained statistically at par with WB-02”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 186–334 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

WH 1105 had higher grain yield than HD-3086 and was at par with WB-02.

Material
WH 1105e0
Outcome
graine0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
HD-3086e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“WH 1105 recorded significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield than HD-3086 but remained statistically at par with WB-02”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 186–334 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

WH 1105 had higher straw yield than HD-3086 and was at par with WB-02.

Material
WH 1105e0
Outcome
straw yielde0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
HD-3086e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“WH 1105 recorded significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield than HD-3086 but remained statistically at par with WB-02”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 186–334 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

WB-02 had higher Zn and Fe uptake.

Material
WB-02e0
Outcome
Zn and Fe uptakee0
Direction
highere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Zn and Fe uptake as well as Zn and Fe use efficiencies were higher in WB-02”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 345–420 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

WB-02 had higher Zn and Fe use efficiencies.

Material
WB-02e0
Outcome
Zn and Fe use efficienciese0
Direction
highere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Zn and Fe uptake as well as Zn and Fe use efficiencies were higher in WB-02”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 345–420 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

WH 1105 grain yield exceeded WB-02 by 2.65%.

Material
WH 1105e0
Outcome
Grain yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
2.65e0
Comparator
WB-02e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Grain yield of wheat variety WH 1105 showed mean increase of 2.65 and 29.0% over WB-02 and HD-3086, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–534 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

WH 1105 grain yield exceeded HD-3086 by 29.0%.

Material
WH 1105e0
Outcome
Grain yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
29.0%e0
Comparator
HD-3086e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Grain yield of wheat variety WH 1105 showed mean increase of 2.65 and 29.0% over WB-02 and HD-3086, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–534 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chelated Zn and Fe treatment raised yield-attributing characters.

Treatment
Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated FeSO4 @1.5%e0
Outcome
yield-attributing characterse0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield were reported to be higher with application of Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated FeSO4 @1.5% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 560–831 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chelated Zn and Fe treatment raised grain yield by 10.3% over recommended NPK.

Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
Increasee0
Value
10.3%e0
Comparator
recommended NPK applicatione0

Not reportedTreatment

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Increase in grain yield was to the tune of 10.3% over recommended NPK application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 833–914 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chelated Zn and Fe treatment raised straw yield.

Treatment
Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated FeSO4 @1.5%e0
Outcome
straw yielde0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly higher yield-attributing characters, grain, and straw yield were reported to be higher with application of Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated FeSO4 @1.5% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 560–831 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Zn foliar treatment gave higher Zn uptake and agronomic efficiency.

Treatment
Rec. NPK + soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 with foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 0.75%e0
Outcome
Zn uptake and agronomic efficiencye0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Zn uptake and agronomic efficiency were found to be higher with Rec. NPK + soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 with foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 0.75% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1146 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1.0% foliar treatment maximized Fe uptake and agronomic efficiency.

Treatment
Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @1.0%e0
Outcome
Fe uptake and agronomic efficiencye0
Direction
maximume0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fe uptake and agronomic efficiency were maximum with Rec. NPK+ soil application of chelated ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha−1 and foliar application of chelated ZnSO4 @1.0% both at pre-anthesis and grain filling stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1151–1354 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Tillers, test weight, grain zinc and iron content correlated positively with grain yield.

Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
positive correlationse0
Qualifier
a number of tillers per square meter, test weight, grain zinc, and iron contente0

Not reportedMaterialOrgan / stageComparatorSetting

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a number of tillers per square meter, test weight, grain zinc, and iron content showed significant positive correlations with grain yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1532 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–15 · show in text ↑

zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

100 papers: 98 positive, 2 negative or no effect

97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

96 papers more in this group

See all 100 papers →

zinc sulfate · nutrient: efficiency · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

16 papers: 16 positive, 0 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

application · nutrient: efficiency · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 21 positive, 1 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

176 papers: 142 positive, 34 negative or no effect

141 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

172 papers more in this group

See all 176 papers →

application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

877 papers: 795 positive, 82 negative or no effect

794 papers in the same direction as this paper · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

873 papers more in this group

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fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

3,438 papers: 3,115 positive, 323 negative or no effect

3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

3,434 papers more in this group

See all 3,438 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.