Abstract
Soybean yields output remains low due to the acidity of the soils in western Kenya. Aluminium toxicity is common in acidic soils and detrimentally affects the nodulation and yield of crops. It is important to investigate the effect of rhizobium inoculation of Soybeans on growth and yield. This study aims to examine the effects of inoculating Rhizobium in soy beans under aluminium application, to determine if it is possible to increase the output of GAZZELLE, NAMSOI, and TGX genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Maseno University under greenhouse conditions. In RCBD, eight treatments, three genotypes, and three replicates were employed. Aluminium accumulation, assessment of nodules, fresh weights, dry weights, number of seeds and seed weights at harvest data was collected. Tukey`s HSD tests at 5% was used to separate means. The genotype GAZZELLE was significantly lower (p<.05) compared to TGX at T1, T3, T5, T6 and T7 when Al accumulation was determined. This indicate the possibility of faster cell division in TGX plant roots that eventually limited nodulation and yield. Dry weights of nodules for TGX were significantly different at (p < 0.01) when compared to those of GAZZELLE and NAMSOI. Therefore, under Rhizobium inoculation and Aluminium application, Al may have interfered with Fe2+ capturing of bacteria in the latter two genotypes. Similarly, Rhizobium inoculated genotypes had significantly higher (p<.05) number of pink nodules under the Al application. Mean of NAMSOI was significantly higher (p<.05) compared to TGX for both total dry weights and dry weights of 100 seeds when treated with Rhizobium and Al. GAZZELLE and NAMSOI had a generally better performance when yield was considered. These results demonstrate that Rhizobium inoculation improves soy bean yield and mitigates the effects of Al. It, therefore, followed that Rhizobium-inoculated genotypes GAZELLE and NAMSOI are recommended for cultivation in acidic soils prone to Al.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype GAZZELLE had significantly lower Al accumulation than TGX at treatments T1, T3, T5, T6 and T7.
- Taxon
- Soy beans
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- GAZZELLEe1
- Outcome
- Al accumulatione1
- Direction
- significantly lowere1
- Qualifier
- T1, T3, T5, T6 and T7e1
- Comparator
- TGXe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e1“The genotype GAZZELLE was significantly lower (p<.05) compared to TGX at T1, T3, T5, T6 and T7 when Al accumulation was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weights of nodules were significantly different in TGX compared with GAZZELLE and NAMSOI.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGXe2
- Outcome
- Dry weights of nodulese2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Comparator
- GAZZELLE and NAMSOIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e2“Dry weights of nodules for TGX were significantly different at (p < 0.01) when compared to those of GAZZELLE and NAMSOI”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium-inoculated genotypes had significantly higher numbers of pink nodules under Al application.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobiume3
- Outcome
- number of pink nodulese3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Qualifier
- under the Al applicatione3
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e3“Rhizobium inoculated genotypes had significantly higher (p<.05) number of pink nodules under the Al application”
Claim · model-written summary
NAMSOI had significantly higher total dry weights and dry weights of 100 seeds than TGX when treated with Rhizobium and Al.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- NAMSOIe4
- Treatment
- Rhizobium and Ale4
- Outcome
- total dry weights and dry weights of 100 seedse4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Comparator
- TGXe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e4“Mean of NAMSOI was significantly higher (p<.05) compared to TGX for both total dry weights and dry weights of 100 seeds when treated with Rhizobium and Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation improved soybean yield.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium inoculatione5
- Outcome
- soy bean yielde5
- Direction
- improvese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e5“These results demonstrate that Rhizobium inoculation improves soy bean yield and mitigates the effects of Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation mitigated the effects of Al on soybean.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium inoculatione5
- Outcome
- effects of Ale5
- Direction
- mitigatese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e5“These results demonstrate that Rhizobium inoculation improves soy bean yield and mitigates the effects of Al”
Claim · model-written summary
GAZZELLE and NAMSOI had a generally better performance when yield was considered.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- GAZZELLE and NAMSOIe6
- Outcome
- performancee6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Qualifier
- when yield was considerede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e6“GAZZELLE and NAMSOI had a generally better performance when yield was considered”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium-inoculated GAZELLE and NAMSOI are recommended for cultivation in acidic soils prone to Al.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- GAZELLE and NAMSOIe7
- Outcome
- cultivation in acidic soils prone to Ale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e7“It, therefore, followed that Rhizobium-inoculated genotypes GAZELLE and NAMSOI are recommended for cultivation in acidic soils prone to Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Al may have interfered with Fe2+ capture by bacteria in the latter two genotypes under Rhizobium inoculation and Al application.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Aluminium applicatione1
- Compound
- Fe2+e1
- Outcome
- Fe2+ capturing of bacteriae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e1“Therefore, under Rhizobium inoculation and Aluminium application, Al may have interfered with Fe2+ capturing of bacteria in the latter two genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Faster cell division in TGX roots was a possible explanation for limited nodulation and yield in TGX.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGXe2
- Outcome
- nodulation and yielde2
- Qualifier
- the possibility of faster cell division in TGX plant rootse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soy beans”
e2“This indicate the possibility of faster cell division in TGX plant roots that eventually limited nodulation and yield”
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