Abstract
Abstract Cover crops (CCs) are a component of the integrated weed management strategies for controlling herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. A field study was conducted at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, from 2021 to 2024 to determine the effect of spring-planted CCs in combination with residual herbicide on weed suppression during fallow phase and subsequent wheat yield in a no-till winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow rotation in the semiarid Central Great Plains (CGP). The study site had a natural seedbank of glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia [ Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] and Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). A mixture of CCs (oats [ Avena sativa L.]–barley [ Hordeum vulgare L.]–spring peas [ Pisum sativum L.]) was spring-planted in no-till sorghum stubbles and terminated at the oats heading stage. Four treatments were tested: (1) weedy fallow (no CC and no herbicide), (2) chemical fallow (no CC but glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone + dicamba), (3) CC terminated with glyphosate, and (4) CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone. Across 3 yr, CC at termination reduced total weed density by 78% to 99% and total weed biomass by 93% to 99% compared with weedy fallow. Weed suppression by the CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone continued for at least 90 d with reduced total weed density of 52% to 80% and total weed biomass reduction by 70% compared with weedy fallow across 3 yr. No differences in subsequent wheat grain yield between CC treatments and chemical fallow were recorded in 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023; however, in 2023 to 2024, chemical fallow and CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone had greater wheat yield than CC terminated with glyphosate only. These results suggest that integration of spring-planted CC with residual herbicide may help suppress GR B. scoparia and A. palmeri in the CGP.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops reduced total weed density at termination by 78% to 99%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- CC at terminatione0
- Outcome
- total weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 78% to 99%e0
- Comparator
- weedy fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 3 yr, CC at termination reduced total weed density by 78% to 99% and total weed biomass by 93% to 99% compared with weedy fallow.”
e1“subsequent wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops reduced total weed biomass at termination by 93% to 99%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CC at terminatione0
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 93% to 99%e0
- Comparator
- weedy fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 3 yr, CC at termination reduced total weed density by 78% to 99% and total weed biomass by 93% to 99% compared with weedy fallow.”
e1“subsequent wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops terminated with glyphosate plus residual herbicide reduced weed density by 52% to 80% for at least 90 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- total weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52% to 80%e0
- Qualifier
- at least 90 de0
- Comparator
- weedy fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by the CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone continued for at least 90 d with reduced total weed density of 52% to 80% and total weed biomass reduction by 70% compared with weedy fallow across 3 yr.”
e1“subsequent wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined cover crop and herbicide treatment reduced weed biomass by 70%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Comparator
- weedy fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression by the CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone continued for at least 90 d with reduced total weed density of 52% to 80% and total weed biomass reduction by 70% compared with weedy fallow across 3 yr.”
e1“subsequent wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent wheat grain yield did not differ between cover crop treatments and chemical fallow in the first two seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- subsequent wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Qualifier
- 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023e0
- Comparator
- chemical fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in subsequent wheat grain yield between CC treatments and chemical fallow were recorded in 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023 to 2024, chemical fallow yielded more wheat than cover crops terminated with glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chemical fallowe0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 2023 to 2024e0
- Comparator
- CC terminated with glyphosate onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2023 to 2024, chemical fallow and CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone had greater wheat yield than CC terminated with glyphosate only.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023 to 2024, cover crops with residual herbicide yielded more wheat than cover crops terminated with glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 2023 to 2024e0
- Comparator
- CC terminated with glyphosate onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2023 to 2024, chemical fallow and CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone had greater wheat yield than CC terminated with glyphosate only.”
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See all 345 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.